Ekstremisme Ganas dan Semakan Kehakiman dalam Kes-Kes Berkaitan Dengannya dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Tahanan Pencegahan Malaysia
(Violent Extremism and Judicial Review in Related Cases: A Perspective on the Preventive Detention Laws of Malaysia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2023.14.1.12Keywords:
Norma-norma, ideology, ekstremisme ganas, tahanan pencegahan, budi bicara, ketidakpatuhanAbstract
Resolusi 2178 (2014) dan Pelan Tindakan Mencegah Ekstremisme Ganas (Pelan Tindakan) pada peringkat Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu (PBB) menyeru negara-negara anggota untuk membentuk satu pelan tindakan negara yang merangkumi langkah-langkah berkesan dalam mencegah ekstremisme ganas. Dari perspektif undang-undang, setiap negara dikehendaki untuk memastikan kedaulatan undang-undang dan hak asasi manusia tidak terjejas oleh lanjutan daripada penguatkuasaan undang-undang berkaitan. Semakan kehakiman dilihat sebagai salah satu perkara asas kepada pentadbiran yang baik dalam menjamin kedaulatan undang-undang. Secara lazimnya, undang-undang tahanan pencegahan menjadi pilihan utama badan eksekutif untuk menahan seseorang yang dipercayai ada hubung kait atau terlibat dalam perbuatan yang menjejaskan keselamatan negara. Undang-undang tersebut juga digunakan untuk mencegah ekstremis ganas yang berpotensi mengancam ketenteraman awam dan keselamatan negara. Lantaran itu, artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis sejauh manakah undang-undang tahanan pencegahan Malaysia sesuai dalam menangani ekstremisme ganas dan semakan kehakiman diberikan ruang dalam kes-kes berkaitan. Untuk tujuan tersebut, kaedah kualitatif digunakan dan kajian perpustakaan secara doktrin dilakukan untuk mengumpul data serta maklumat. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa hak orang tahanan dan peranan mahkamah untuk membuat semakan kehakiman dalam kes-kes ekstremisme ganas adalah terhad di bawah undang-undang pencegahan tahanan Malaysia. Justeru, penulis mencadangkan supaya orang tahanan dan badan kehakiman diberikan kebebasan sepenuhnya untuk membuat semakan kehakiman bagi kes-kes ekstremisme ganas. Di samping itu, perlu ada kajian lanjut bagi membandingkan pendekatan semakan kehakiman di negara-negara lain dalam kes-kes ekstremisme ganas untuk dijadikan panduan agar peruntukan dalam undang-undang tahanan pencegahan Malaysia dapat dipinda atau diperbaiki demi menegakkan kedaulatan undang-undang.
ABSTRACT
Resolution 2178 (2014) and the Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism (Plan of Action) of the United Nations called on its member states to develop a national plan of action that includes effective measures in preventing violent extremism. From a legal perspective, each state is required to ensure respect for the rule of law and human rights while enforcing the relevant laws. Judicial review is seen as one of the essential foundations for good governance in ensuring the rule of law. Basically, preventive detention laws are the primary choice of the executive body for detaining any person that is believed to act, or is likely to act in any manner which is prejudicial to national security. The law may also be used to deter violent extremists from becoming potential threats to public order and national security. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the extent to which Malaysian preventive detention laws are appropriate in addressing violent extremism and whether judicial review is given space in related cases. For that purpose, qualitative methods were used, and doctrinal library studies were conducted to collect data and information. The results show that the rights of detainees and the role of the courts to conduct judicial review in violent extremism cases are limited under the relevant laws. It is therefore, suggested that detainees and the judiciary be given more latitude on judicial reviews in violent extremism cases. In addition, there should be further studies to compare judicial review approaches on violent extremism cases in other countries. This will help to amend or improve the related provisions on preventive detention law in Malaysia.
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