Formulating the Evaluation Model of Educational Music Video for Children’s Learning (EMV4CL)

Authors

  • Hanis Salwani Othman Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
  • Syamsul Bahrin Zaibon Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32890/jcisc2024.3.6

Keywords:

Educational music video, Video-based learning, Evaluation Model, Edutainment

Abstract

This study, part of a Ph.D. thesis, explores the role of Educational Music Videos (EMVs) in enhancing children's learning within the framework of Video-Based Learning (VBL). EMVs, which adapt the traditional music video format by embedding educational content through singing narration, offer a novel approach to creating engaging and enjoyable learning experiences for young learners. However, the educational potential of EMVs has not been fully realized due to the absence of specific guidelines for evaluating their appropriateness for children's learning. To address this gap, the study develops the Evaluation Model of Educational Music Videos for Children’s Learning (EMV4CL). The model is grounded in Design Research methodology and identifies five critical components necessary for the effective evaluation of EMVs: video content, audio-visual learning concepts, video presentation style, edutainment features, and interactive activities. Each component was meticulously designed to capture the unique characteristics that make EMVs suitable for educational purposes. The EMV4CL model was subsequently validated by 11 academic experts, who unanimously endorsed its relevance and applicability in assessing the educational quality of music videos for children. The findings of this study highlight the EMV4CL as a significant contribution to the field, providing a structured and comprehensive tool that educators and developers can use to produce and evaluate high-quality educational music videos. This research advances the understanding of how music videos can be effectively utilized to support and enhance children's learning.

References

Abdul Mutalib, A. (2009). Conceptual Design of Reality Learning Media (RLM) Model Based on Entertaining and Fun Constructs. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

Ahmad, S. Z. (2017). A Conceptual Model of Interactive Computer Assisted Learning for Low Achieving Primary School Student. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

Allen, M. W. (2016). Michael Allen's guide to e-learning: Building interactive, fun, and effective learning programs for any company. John Wiley & Sons.

Asad, M. M., Aftab, K., Sherwani, F., Churi, P., Moreno-Guerrero, A. J., & Pourshahian, B. (2021). Techno‐Pedagogical Skills for 21st Century Digital Classrooms: An Extensive Literature Review. Education Research International, 2021(1), 8160084.

Auster, E. R., & Wylie, K. K. (2006). Creating active learning in the classroom: A systematic approach. Journal of Management Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562905283346

Aziz, N. (2015). Conceptual Design and Development Model of Assistive Courseware for Young Low Vision Learners (AC4LV). Universiti Utara Malaysia.

Bakri, R. A., Rahman, M. A., Jabu, B., & Jassruddin. (2019). Exploring the impact of vak learning style on teenager level language learners in indonesia. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 10(4), 807–814. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1004.17

Beheshti, M., Taspolat, A., Kaya, O., & Sapanca, H. A. M. Z. A. (2018). Characteristics of instructional videos. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues, 10(2).

Bokiev, D., Bokiev, U., Aralas, D., Ismail, L., & Othman, M. (2018). Utilizing music and songs to promote student engagement in ESL classrooms. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12), 314-332.

Bonwell, C. C., & Eison, J. A. (1991). Creating Excitement in the Classroom. WHAT IS ACTIVE LEARNING AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? 1991.

Bonwell, C. C. (1999). Using Active Learning to Enhance Lectures. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. https://doi.org/10.2307/1349897

Boyer, S. L., Edmondson, D. R., Artis, A. B., & Fleming, D. (2014). Self-Directed Learning: A Tool for Lifelong Learning. Journal of Marketing Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475313494010

Brame, C. J. (2016). Effective educational videos: Principles and guidelines for maximizing student learning from video content. CBE Life Sciences Education, 15(4), es6.1-es6.6. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-03-0125

Carr, S. M., & Rickard, N. S. (2011). Facilitatory Effects of Music on Memory: A Review of the Potential Role of Emotional Arousal. In L. C. Eklund & A. S. Nyman (Eds.), Learning and Memory Developments and Intellectual Disabilities (pp. 173–187). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Center for Education Innovation (CEI). (2019). Active Learning. Çetin, Y. (2009). Teaching VAK-abulary. In 1st International Symposium on Sustainable Development. Sarajevo.

Cho, V., Cheng, T. C. E., & Lai, W. M. J. (2009). The role of perceived user-interface design in continued usage intention of self-paced e-learning tools. Computers and Education, 53(2), 216–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.01.014

Coyne, E., Rands, H., Frommolt, V., Kain, V., Plugge, M., & Mitchell, M. (2018). Investigation of blended learning video resources to teach health students clinical skills: An integrative review. Nurse education today, 63, 101-107. de la Mora Velasco, E., Hirumi, A., & Chen, B. (2021). Improving instructional videos with background music and sound effects: A design-based research approach. Journal of formative design in learning, 1-15.

Deng, H., Shao, Y., Tang, Y., & Qin, Z. (2014). How micro lecture videos trigger the motivation of learners of coursera: A comparative study based on ARCS mode. In Proceedings - 2014 International Conference of Educational Innovation Through Technology, EITT 2014 (pp. 117–122). https://doi.org/10.1109/EITT.2014.28

Dignath, C., Buettner, G., & Langfeldt, H. P. (2008). How can primary school students learn self-regulated learning strategies most effectively?. A meta-analysis on self-regulation training programmes. Educational Research Review, 3(2), 101–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2008.02.003

Duke, B., Harper, G., & Johnston, M. (2013). Exploring Spaces for Learning: Connectivism as a Digital Age Learning Theory. The International HETL Review, 14–27. Retrieved from https://www.hetl.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/HETLReview2013SpecialIssue.pdf#page=20

Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2013). Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21143

Fallin, J. R., Tower, M. G., & Tannert, D. (2021). Using music to enhance student learning: A practical guide for elementary classroom teachers. Routledge.

Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111

Galatsopoulou, F., Kenterelidou, C., Kotsakis, R., & Matsiola, M. (2022). Examining students’ perceptions towards video-based and video-assisted active learning scenarios in journalism and communication courses. Education Sciences, 12(2), 74.

Geerts, G. L. (2011). A design science research methodology and its application to accounting information systems research. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2011.02.004

Gonen, K., & Akbarov, A. (2016). Measuring the Effect of Blended Learning on Language Learners ’ Motivation With Arcs Model. International Journal of ELT, 4(1), 1–9.

Greenberg, A. D., & Zanetis, J. (2012). The Impact of Broadcast and Streaming Video in Education: What the Research Says and How Educators and Decision Makers Can Begin to Prepare for the Future. Retrieved from http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/education/ciscovideoes.pdf

Gureckis, T. M., & Markant, D. B. (2012). Self-Directed Learning: A Cognitive and Computational Perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612454304

Hevner, A. R., March, S. T., Park, J., & Ram, S. (2004). Design Science in Information Systems Research. MIS Quarterly, 28(1), 75–105. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148625

Hevner, A. R., & Chatterjee, S. (2010). Design Research in Information Systems: Theory and Practice. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6108-2

Hsu, F. H., Lin, I. H., Yeh, H. C., & Chen, N. S. (2022). Effect of Socratic Reflection Prompts via video-based learning system on elementary school students’ critical thinking skills. Computers & Education, 183, 104497.

Husain, G., Thompson, W. F., & Schellenberg, E. G. (2002). Effects of Musical Tempo and Mode on Arousal, Mood, and Spatial Abilities. Music Perception, 20(2), 151–171. https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2002.20.2.151

Kang, S. (2004). Instructional design and development: A brief historical overview. Educational Technology, 44(6), 39–45.

Kay, R. H. (2012). Exploring the use of video podcasts in education: A comprehensive review of the literature. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(3), 820–831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.01.011

Keller, J. M. (1987). Development and use of the ARCS model of motivational design. Journal of Instructional Development, 10(1932), 2–10.

Keller, J. (1999). Motivation and Methods. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 78, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.7804

Khaghaninejad, M. S., & Fahandejsaadi, R. (2016). Music and language learning. Shiraz: Shiraz University.

Kim, D., & Li, M. (2021). Digital storytelling: Facilitating learning and identity development. Journal of Computers in Education, 8(1), 33-61.

Kleftodimos, A., Lappas, G., & Evangelidis, G. (2020). Edutainment and practice in video-based learning: enriching educational videos with interactive activities and games. International Journal of Entertainment Technology and Management, 1(1), 5-33.

Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning: a guide for learners and teachers. Selfdirected Learning A Guide for Learners and Teachers.

Koumi, J. (2006). Designing video and multimedia for open and flexible learning. Designing Video and Multimedia for Open and Flexible Learning. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203966280

Lampropoulos, G., Anastasiadis, T., Siakas, K., & In, L. E. (2019, April). Digital game-based learning in education: Significance of motivating, engaging and interactive learning environments. In 24th International Conference on Software Process Improvement-Research into Education and Training (INSPIRE 2019) (pp. 117-127).

Lan, M., & Hew, K. F. (2020). Examining learning engagement in MOOCs: A self-determination theoretical perspective using mixed method. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 7.

Litta, L., & Budiarty, A. (2020). Creating Comfortable Classroom by VAK Learning Styles: Planning for Early Childhood to Interest in Learning English. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 8(2), 492–504. https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v8i2.1659

Makarius, E. E. (2017). Edutainment: Using Technology to Enhance the Management Learner Experience. Management Teaching Review, 2(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/2379298116680600

Ma, L., & Lee, C. S. (2021). Evaluating the effectiveness of blended learning using the ARCS model. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(5), 1397–1408. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12579

March, S. T., & Smith, G. F. (1995). Design and natural science research on information technology. Decision Support Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(94)00041-2

Martyn, B. M. (2007). Clickers in class, (2), 71–74.

Mayer, R. E. (2004). Multimedia learning. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 41, 85–139. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4102_2

Mayer, R. E. (2005b). Multimedia Learning. Multimedia Learning (Vol. 1). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Mayer, R. E., Fiorella, L., & Stull, A. (2020). Five ways to increase the effectiveness of instructional video. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(2), 267-280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09749-2

McIntire, A. M. (2020). Musical text: An effective instrument in teaching language and culture. Journal of Visual Literacy, 39(3-4), 185-200.

Meng, F., & Feng, chi. (2019). Coping strategies for students’ learning anxiety in college English classroom, 328(Ichssd), 210–213. https://doi.org/10.2991/ichssd-19.2019.42

Miller, C. J., & Metz, M. J. (2014). A comparison of professional-level faculty and student perceptions of active learning: Its current use, effectiveness, and barriers. Advances in Physiology Education. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00014.2014

Mitchell, T. R. (1982). Motivation: New Directions for Theory, Research, and Practice. Academy of Management Review, 7(1), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1982.4285467

Molaee, Z., & Dortaj, F. (2015). Improving L2 Learning: An ARCS Instructional-motivational Approach. In Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 171, pp. 1214–1222). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.234

Noor, N. M., Aini, M., & Hamizan, N. I. (2014). Video Based Learning Embedded with Cognitive Load Theory: Visual, Auditory, and Kinaesthetic Learners’ Perspectives. In Proceedings - 2014 International Conference on Teaching and Learning in Computing and Engineering, LATICE 2014 (pp. 58–63). https://doi.org/10.1109/LaTiCE.2014.19

Overskeid, G. (2008). They should have thought about the consequences: The crisis of cognitivism and a second chance for behavior analysis. Psychological Record, 58(1), 131–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395606

Panjaitan, M. B., Alamsyah, M., Siburian, M. F., Fatmawati, E., Uslan, U., & Siagian, G. (2023). Improving Students’ Learning Outcomes in Natural Science Subject for Third Grade of Elementary School Through Video Media. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(3), 3253-3266.

Papadakis, S. (2021). Tools for evaluating educational apps for young children: a systematic review of the literature. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 18(1), 18-49.

Preece, J., Sharp, H., & Rogers, Y. (2015). Interaction design - Beyond human - computer interaction (4th Editio). United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Pugsley, L. (2011). Begin to get to grips with educational theory. Education for Primary Care, 22(4), 266–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2011.11494009

Purao, S. (2002). Design research in the technology of information systems: Truth or dare. GSU Department of CIS Working Paper. Atlanta,GA.

Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Time well-spent?: Motivation for entertainment media and its eudaimonic aspects through the lens of self-determination theory. In The Routledge handbook of media use and well-being (pp. 34-48). Routledge.

Sablić, M., Mirosavljević, A., & Škugor, A. (2021). Video-based learning (VBL)—past, present and future: An overview of the research published from 2008 to 2019. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 26(4), 1061-1077.

Sarif, S. M. (2011). Conceptual Design Model of Computerized Personal-Decision Aid (ComPDA). Universiti Utara Malaysia.

Seels, B., Fullerton, K., Berry, L., & Horn, L. J. (2004). Research on Learning from Television. In Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (2nd ed.). (pp. 249–334). Retrieved from http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=psyc4&NEWS=N&AN=2004-00176-012

Shim, K. J., Gottipati, S., & Lau, Y. M. (2021). Integrated Framework for Developing Instructional Videos for Foundational Computing Courses. In Proceedings of the 25th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS) (pp. 1–14). Dubai: Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems.

Sivan, A., Wong Leung, R., Woon, C. C., & Kember, D. (2000). An implementation of active learning and its effect on the quality of student learning. Innovations in Education and Teaching International. https://doi.org/10.1080/135580000750052991

Srithar, U. (2015). Learning at Your Own Pace: M-Learning Solution for School Students. International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.7763/ijiee.2015.v5.533

Storbeck, J., & Clore, G. L. (2008). Affective Arousal as Information: How Affective Arousal Influences Judgments, Learning, and Memory. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(5), 1824–1843. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00138.x

Sullivan, P. M. (2016). The effects of music in kindergarten lessons on student engagement and student learning.

Tendhar, C., Singh, K., & Jones, B. D. (2019). Effects of an Active Learning Approach on Students’ Motivation in an Engineering Course. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(3), 58. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i3.3916

Vaishnavi, V. K., & Kuechler, W. (2007). Design science research methods and patterns: Innovating information and communication technology. Design Science Research Methods and Patterns: Innovating Information and Communication Technology.

Wahyudi, S., Joyoatmojo, S., & Sawiji, H. (2017). Learning Model of Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS) Supported by Video Tutorial to Improve the Students’ Learning Motivation in Vocational High School. International Conference on Teacher Training and Education, 158(ICTTE 2017), 603–611. https://doi.org/10.2991/ictte-17.2017.72

Walling, D. R. (2014). Designing learning for tablet classrooms. Designing Learning for Tablet Classrooms. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02420-2

Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The Relation of Strength of Stimulus to Rapidity of Habit-Formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459–482. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.47-0570

Young, S. (2018). Critical new perspectives in early childhood music: Young children engaging and learning through music. Routledge.

Zaibon, S. B. (2011). Mobile Game-Based Learning (mGBL) Engineering Model. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

Zhang, D., Zhou, L., Briggs, R. O., & Nunamaker, J. F. (2006). Instructional video in e-learning: Assessing the impact of interactive video on learning effectiveness. Information and Management, 43(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2005.01.004

Ziv, G., & Lidor, R. (2015). Focusing attention instructions, accuracy, and quiet eye in a self-paced task— an exploratory study. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(2), 104–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2014.946946

Downloads

Published

31-10-2024

How to Cite

Othman, H. S., & Zaibon, S. B. (2024). Formulating the Evaluation Model of Educational Music Video for Children’s Learning (EMV4CL). Journal of Creative Industry and Sustainable Culture, 3, 77-100. https://doi.org/10.32890/jcisc2024.3.6

Research impact

Harvested 2026-09-08
0 citations recorded so far

Counts differ between services because each indexes a different body of literature. None of them is the whole picture.

Identifiers DOI 10.32890/jcisc2024.3.6 OpenAlex W4405201751

Most read articles by the same author(s)