Research Article Published 20 June 2011

Work-Life Balance Challenges of Indigenous Health Management Employees in the Medical Tourism Sector of Kerala, India

How to Cite

How to Cite

V. Mathew, R., & Panchanatham, N. (2011). Work-Life Balance Challenges of Indigenous Health Management Employees in the Medical Tourism Sector of Kerala, India. Journal of Business Management and Accounting, 1(1), 99-140. https://doi.org/10.32890/jbma2011.1.1.8918
Rincy V. Mathew
Department of Business Administration, Annamalai University, India
N. Panchanatham
Department of Business Administration, Annamalai University, India
Full text
PDF View full text 215 KB · 42 pages XML JATS full text 153 KB · machine readable HTML Read online 89 KB
DOI 10.32890/jbma2011.1.1.8918 Cite this article
Share this article
Citations
1
OpenAlex, highest of the sources checked
Reads
202 +3
Abstract + full text
Downloads
132
PDF and XML
Percentile
90th
By citations, works of the same year

Article

Abstract

In contrast to the large-scale multinational projects, medical tourism sector in Kerala mainly constitutes indigenous health management practices coupled with local tourism industry.  The  government  and  bureaucracy  project  medical  tourism  as  an  engine  of  economic  growth.  It  is  considered  as  an  excellent  source  of  foreign  exchange  and  employment generation to revive the local economy. As it mainly involves indigenous methods   and   techniques   of   health   care   management,   further   development   and   sustainability  of  this  sector  fully  depends  on  highly  committed,  skilled  and  qualifi ed manpower.  However,  no  detailed  studies  regarding  the  potential  problems  faced  by  the human resource capital in this sector are available.  This paper is an attempt to analyze  the  various  challenges  associated  with  the  work-life  balance  (WLB)  of  the  employees working in the indigenous health care management practices linked to the medical tourism industry of Kerala, India.  Data for the study were collected from 157 individuals, working in the medical tourism sector spanning around 24 organizations. The results indicated the positive and negative associations of the various challenges with the WLB of the employees.

Keywords
Indigenous health management practice Medical tourism Work-life balance Work-life balance challenges

Metrics & impact

Citations by source

Harvested 08-09-2026

Counts differ by index because each source crawls a different corpus. Crossref counts only registered reference lists; Google Scholar includes theses, preprints and grey literature.

OpenAlex
1
Open corpus, updated daily View →
OpenCitations
0
Open references only View →
Crossref
0
Deposited reference lists only View →
Scopus
0 Not indexed
Indexed titles only View →
Google Scholar
Publishes no citation count that can be read automatically.
Includes theses and preprints Search →
Dimensions
Publishes no citation count that can be read automatically.
Includes policy documents Search →

Citations over time

New citations recorded in each year, as reported by OpenAlex.

1
0
0
2024 2025 2026

Reads & downloads

Abstract views 202
PDF downloads 132
XML downloads 0
Full-text HTML 0
Counted under COUNTER Release 5 rules; known robots excluded.

Attention beyond citation

Citation percentile 90th
Field-weighted citation impact 0.00

From OpenAlex. A field-weighted impact of 1.00 is the world average for work of the same field, type and year. No Altmetric key is configured, so news, policy and social attention are not shown.

Identifiers
DOI · 10.32890/jbma2011.1.1.8918
OpenAlex · W7016022429

References

References 146
Deposited to Crossref with the article DOI
  1. Adams, G.A., King, L.H., & King, D.W. (1996). Relationships of job and family involvement, family social support, and work family conflict with job and life satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 411-420.
  2. Akerstedt, T. (2003). Shift work and disturbed sleep/work fullness. Occupational Medicine, 53, 89-94.
  3. Allen, T. (2001). Family supportive work environments: the role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 58, 14-35.
  4. Allen, T.D., Herst, D.E., Bruck, C.S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work to family conflict – A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 278-308.
  5. Aneshensel, C.S., Pearlin, L.I., Mullan, J.T., Zarit, S.H., & Whitlatch, C.J. (1995). Profiles in care giving: unexpected career, New York: Academic Press.
  6. Barling, J. (1990). Employment, stress and family functioning. Chi Chester: John Wiley & Sons.
  7. Barnett, R.C., (1998). Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/family literature. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 124, 125-182.
  8. Barton, J., Aldridge, J.M., & Smith, P.A. (1998). Emotional impact of shift work on the children of shift workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health, 24(3), 146-150.
  9. Bauer, I. (2008). The health impact of tourism on local and indigenous populations in resource poor countries. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 6, 276-291.
  10. Baum, T., Hearns, N., & Devine, F. (2007). Place, people and interpretation: issues of migrant labour and tourism imagery in Ireland. Tourism and Recreation Research, Special Edition on Interpretation, 32(3), 39-48.
  11. Becker, G.S. (1985). Human capital, effort and sexual division of labour. Journal of Labour Economics, 3, 35-58.
  12. Becker, G.S. (1991). A treatise on the family, Cambridge, MA: Harward University Press.
  13. Bhangale, V. (2008). Medical tourism: Taking off in big way in India. Proceedings of Conference on Tourism in India – Challenges ahead, 15-17 May 2008, IIM Kozhikode, India, 365-368.
  14. Bohle, P., Quinlan, M., Kennedy, D., & Williamson, A. (2004). Working hours, work-life conflict and health in precarious and permanent employment. Revista De Saude Publica, 38, 19-24.
  15. Böhm, S.H.C., & Trunczek, R. (2004). Heraus for derung vertrauensarbedsziet, Berlin: Sigma.
  16. Boles, J.S., & Babin, B. (1996). On the front lines: stress, conflict and the customer service provider. Journal of Business Research, 37, 41-50.
  17. Boles, J.S., Johnson, M.W., & Hair Jr. J.F. (1997). Role stress, work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion: interrelationships and effects on some work related consequences. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 17(1), 17-28.
  18. Brandt, S., Hermann, B., Muhei, M.F., Beck, J., & Trachsler, E.H. (2008). Strain among young students in hospitality and tourism. Industrial Health, 46, 199-209.
  19. Buick, I., & Thomas, M. (2001). Why do middle managers in hotels burnout? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(6), 304-309.
  20. Burke, R.J. (1988). Some antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict. Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality, 3(4), 287-302.
  21. Buunk, B., & Verhoeven, K. (1991). Companionship and support at work: a microanalysis of the stress-reducing features of social interaction. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 12, 243-258.
  22. Carlson, D., & Perrewe, P. (1999). The role of social support in the stressor-strain relationship: an examination of work-family conflict. Journal of Management, 25(4), 513-40.
  23. Caruso, C.C. (2006). Possible broad impacts of long working hours. Industrial Health, 44, 531-536.
  24. Caughlan, A. (2000). Family friendly work-life balance policies, Dublin: IBEC.
  25. Charron, K.F., & Lowe, D.J. (2005). Factors that affect accountants perception of alternate work arrangements. Accounting Forum, 29, 191-206.
  26. Cherukara, J.M., & Manalel, J. (2008). Medical tourism in Kerala – Challenges and Scope, Proceedings of Conference on Tourism in India – Challenges ahead, 15-17 May 2008, IIM Kozhikode, India, 369-379.
  27. C.I.I., & McKinsey (2008). Medical tourism, India retrieved 23 January, 2010, from http://chaisamosa.net/index.php/business-update/20080516215.
  28. Clark, S.C. (2000) Work/family border theory – A new theory of work-life balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 7470-7770.
  29. Colligan, M.J., & Rosa, R.R. (1990). Shift work effects on social and family life: occupational medicine. State of the Art Review, 5, 315-322.
  30. Connel, J. (2006). Medical tourism: sea, sun, sand and surgery. Tourism Management, 27, 1093-1100.
  31. Cooper, C. (2000). Theories of organizational stress. Oxford: Oxford University Press. de Klerk, M., & Mostert, K., (2010). Work home interferences: Examining socio-demographic predictors in the South African Context. South Asian Journal of Human Resource Management, 8, 1-10.
  32. Deery, M.A., & Shaw, R.N. (1999). An investigation of relationship between employee turnover and organizational culture. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 23, 381-400.
  33. Deloitte, (2008). Consumer in search of value: medical tourism and medical traveling. Internal Deloitte Analysis, USA: Deloitte Centre for Health Solutions.
  34. Dermody, M.B., & Holloway, R.W. (1998). Recruitment and retention of managers. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 39, 20-25.
  35. Dileep, M.R., (2010). Electronic marketing in tourism. Indian Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Management, 1, 1-15.
  36. Divine, C.M., Jabs, M.J.J., Washington, E., Farell, T.J., & Bisogni, C.A. (2006). A lot of sacrifices: work-family spillover and choice coping strategies of low wage-employed parents. Social Science and Medicine, 53, 2591-2603.
  37. Ducharme, L., & Martin, J. (2000). Unrewarding work, coworker support and job satisfaction: a test of the buffering hypothesis. Work and Occupations, 27, 223-243.
  38. Duchon, J.C., Smith, T.J., Keran, C.M., & Keehler, E. (1997). Psychological manifestations of performance during work on extended shifts. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 1, 17-49.
  39. Edwards, J.R., & Rothbard, N.P. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25, 178-199.
  40. Erpenbeck, J., & Sauer, J. (2000). Das forschungs – und Entwicklungs programm “Lesnkulthur Kompenzent Wickling, In: QUEM (Ed). Kompetenzentwicklung 2000, Lernen in Wandel-Wanderdurch Lernen, Münster: Waxman, 289-335.
  41. Etzion, D. (1984). Moderation effect of social support on the stress – burnout relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 694, 615-622.
  42. Fáilete Ireland (2005). A human resource development strategy for Irish tourism. Competing through people, 2005-2012, Dublin: Fáilete Ireland, National Tourism Development Authority.
  43. Ferber, M.A., O’Farrel, B., & Allen, L.R. (1991). Work and family: policies for a changing work force, Washington, D.C: National Academy Press.
  44. Fisher, G. (2001). Work/personal life balance: A construct development study: Doctoral Dissertation, Bowling Greens State University, Bowling Green, Ihio, USA.
  45. Fisher, H. (2000). Investing in people, family friendly work arrangements in small and medium sized enterprises in Ireland. Dublin: The Equality Authority.
  46. Friedman, D., & Gallinsky, E. (1992). Work and family issues: A legitimate business concern. In: S. Zedeck (Ed.), Work, Families and Organizations. 168-207, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  47. Frone, M., Russell, M., & Cooper, L.M. (1997). Relation of work-family conflict to health outcomes: a four-year longitudinal study of employed parents. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 325-335.
  48. Frone, M.R., Russel, M., & Barnes, G.M. (1996). Work-family conflicts, gender and health related outcomes: a study of employed parents in two community samples. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 57-69.
  49. Gillespie, N.A., Walsh, M., Winefield, A.H., Dua, J., & Stough, C. (2001). Occupational stress in universities: Staff perceptions of the causes, consequences and moderators of stress. Work and Stress, 15, 53-72.
  50. Goff, S., Mount, M., & Jamison, R. (1990). Employer supported child care, work family conflict and absenteeism: A filed study. Personal Psychology, 43, 793-809.
  51. Golla, A.M., & Vernon, V. (2006). Late for dinner again: Do work schedules and home schedules Clash? Washington, D.C. retrieved 19 December 2009 from, 54P. http://www.sfi.dk/graphics/SF1/pdf/1AJUR 2006/golla%20-%20paper.pdf.
  52. Gottleib, B., Kelloway, K., & Fraboni, M. (1994). Aspects of elder care that place an employee at risk. Gerontologist, 34, 815-821.
  53. Green, F. (2001). Its been a hard day’s right: the concentration and intensification of work in late twentieth century Britain. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 39, 53-80.
  54. Greenblatt, E. (2002). Work-life balance: wisdom or whining. Organizational Dynamics, 31(2), 177-193.
  55. Greenhaus, G.H., Collins, K.M., & Shaw, J.D. (2003). The relation between work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocation Behaviour, 63, 510-531.
  56. Greenhaus, J., & Parasuraman, S. (1994). Work-family conflict, social support and well-being. In: M. Davidson & R. Burke (Eds.), Women in management: Current Research Issues, 213-29, London: Paul Chapman.
  57. Greenhaus, J.H., & Beutell, N.J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 101, 76-88.
  58. Greenhaus, J.H., & Powell, G.N. (2003). When work and family collide: Deciding between competing role demands. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Process, 90, 291-303.
  59. Grzywacz, J.G., & Marks, N.F. (2000). Re-conceptualizing the work and family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlations of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health and Psychology, 5, 111-126.
  60. Guest, D. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. Social Science Information, 41, 255-279.
  61. Halpern, D.F. (2005). How time flexible work policies can reduce stress, improve health and save money? Stress and Health, 21, 157-168.
  62. Hamburg, M. (1985). Basic statistics: A modern approach, 3rd edition San Diego: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School.
  63. Hardy, S., & Adnett, N. (2002). The parental leave directive: towards a family friendly social Europe. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 8, 157-172.
  64. Harris, R.B., Cleveland, J.N., O’Neill, J., & Crouter, A. (2003). Understanding work and family dynamics in global hotel industry: a potential strategic advantage, Paper presented at International Human Resource Management Conference, Limerick, Ireland
  65. Hildebrandt, E. (2006). Balance between work and life: new corporate impositions through flexible working time or opportunity for time sovereignty. Routlege, 8(2), 251-271.
  66. Hoff, A. (2003). What the work-life balance can help working operational, retrieved 17 June 2010 from http://www.arbeitszeitberatung.de/06 publikationen/publikation en-inhalt.html.
  67. Hyman, J., & Summers, J. (2007). Work and life: can employee representation influence balance? Employee Relations, 29¸ 367-384.
  68. Hyman, J., Baldry, C., Scholarios, D. & Bunzel, D. (2003). Work life imbalance in call centres and software development. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 41, 215-239.
  69. Jacob, R., (2001). Trends in tourism development in Kerala, with special reference to Ayurveda. Research Report, Unpublished HNB Garhwal University, India.
  70. Jahn, E., Thompson, C., & Kepelman, R. (2003). Rationale and construct validity evidence for a measure of perceived organizational family support (POFS) because purported practices may not reflect reality. Community, Work and Family, 6(2), 123-140.
  71. Johnson, E., Lowe, D., & Reckers, P. (2008). A new culture? Evidence of support for diversity in public accounting performance evaluation judgements. Advances in Accounting Behaviour Research, 3, 13-35.
  72. Johnson, E.N., Lowe, D.J., & Reckers, P.M.J. (2008). Alternate work arrangements and perceived career success: current evidence from the big four firms in the US. Accounting Organization and Society, 33, 48-72.
  73. Joseph, P.D., & Pakkeerappa, P. (2010). Economic downturn and tourism marketing: impacts and strategies (A case of India). Indian Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Management, 1, 99-116.
  74. Kalshetti, P., & Pillai, D. (2008). Tourism products development and management – medical tourism shifting paradigm, Proceedings of Conference on Tourism in India – Challenges ahead, 15-17, May, 2008, IIM, Kozhikode, India, 418-421.
  75. Karatepe, O.M., & Sokemen, A. (2006). The effects of work role and family role variables on psychological and behavioural outcomes of frontlines employees. Tourism Management, 27, 255-268.
  76. Karatepe, O.M., & Uludag (2007). Conflict, exhaustion and motivation: A study of frontline employees in Northern Cyprus hotels. Hospitality Management, 26, 645-665.
  77. Kerrin, A., & Aguirre, A. (2005). Improving health safety and profits in extended hours operations (shift work). Industrial Health, 43, 201-208.
  78. Kirchmeyer, C. (2000). Work-life initiatives: Greed or benevolence regarding workers time. In: C.L. Cooker & D.M. Rousseau (Eds.). Trends in Organizational Behaviour, (79-93), UK: Wiley Chi Chester.
  79. Kivimaki, M., Vahtera, J., Pentti, J., & Ferrie, J.E. (2000). Factors underlying the effect of organizational down sizing on health of employees: longitudinal cohort study. British Medical Journal, 320, 971-975.
  80. Kofodimos, J.R. (1993). Balancing act. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  81. Kossek, E., & Ozeki (1999). Bridging the work family policy and productivity gap: A literature review. International Journal of Community, Work and Family, 2(1), 7-30.
  82. Kossek, E.E., Colquiff, J.A., & Noe, R.A. (2001). Care giving decisions, well-being and performance: The effects of place and provider as a function of dependent type and work-family climates. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 29-44.
  83. Kram, K., & Isabella, L. (1985). Monitoring alternatives: the role of peer relationships in career development. Academy of Management Journal, 28, 110-134.
  84. Lam, T., Pine, R., & Baum, T. (2003). Subjective norms: effects on job satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 160-77.
  85. Lambert, S.J., & Haley-Lock, A. (2004). The organizational stratification of opportunities for work-life balance addressing issues of equality and social justice in the work place. Community, Work and Family, 7, 179-195.
  86. Lazarus, R.S. (1995). Psychological stress in the work place. In: R. Crandall & P.L. Perrewe (Eds.), Occupational stress: a hand book, (3-14), Washington D.C: Taylor and Francis,
  87. Lee, C.M., & Duxbury, L. (1998). Employed parent’s: support from partners, employers and friends. The Journal of Social Psychology, 138, 303-322.
  88. Levin-Epstein, J. (2006). Getting punched: The job and family clock. Centre for Law and Social Policy, Washington, D.C. Retrieved January 31, 2010, from, http://www.clasp.org/admin/site/publications/ files/0303.pdf.
  89. Major, D.A., Fletcher, T.D., Davis, D.D., & Germano, L.M. (2008). The influence of work-family culture and work place relationships on work interference with family: a multi level model. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 29, 881-897.
  90. Marias, C., & Mostert, K. (2008). Work-home interaction of police officers in the north-west province: Examining sociodemographic differences. Acta Criminologia, 21, 62-76.
  91. Marks, S.R., & Mac Dermid, S.M., (1996). Multiple roles and the self: A theory of role balance. Journal of Marriage and Family, 58, 417-432.
  92. Martens, M.F.J., Nijhuis, F.J.N., Van Boxtel, M.P.K., & Knottnerus, J.A. (1999). Flexible work schedules and mental and physical health: A study of a working population with non traditional working hours. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 20, 35-46.
  93. Mathew, R.V., & Panchanatham, N. (2009). Influencers and their role in determining the work-life balance of employees working in the information technology sector. KGEES Journal of Social Science, 1, 17-34.
  94. Mathew, R.V., & Panchanatham, N. (2010). An empirical analysis of the impact of various dimensions of work-life balance on organizational commitment among service sector employees in India. International Journal of Management Studies, 17, 129-147.
  95. McCarthy, A., Galway, N.U.I., & Cleveland, J.N. (2005). An investigation of work-family conflict in the Irish hotel sector, Paper presented in Conference of European Academy of Management (EURAN), May 4-7, Munich.
  96. McCracken, D. (2000). Winning the talent war for women: sometimes it takes a revolution. Hardward Business Review, 78, 159-167.
  97. McKay, S. (2001). Annual review article, between flexibility and regulation: rights, equality and protection at work. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 39(2), 285-303.
  98. Montgomery, A.J., Peters, M.C.W., Schaufeti, W.B., & Den Ouden, M. (2003). Work home interference among newspaper managers: Its relationship with burnout and engagement. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 16, 195-211.
  99. Morely, M., Gunnigle, P., & Heraty, N. (1995). Developments in flexible working practices in the republic of Ireland: research evidence considered. International Journal of Manpower, 16, 38-58.
  100. Mostert, K., & Oldfield, G.R. (2009). Work-home interaction of employees in mining industry. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 12, 81-99.
  101. Namasivayam, K., & Zhao, X. (2007). An investigation of the moderating effects of organisational commitment on the relationships between work-family conflict and job satisfaction among hospitality employees in India. Tourism Management, 28, 1212-1223.
  102. Neelakantan, S. (2003). India’s global ambitions. Eastern Economic Review, 6, 1-6.
  103. Netemeyer, R.G., Brashear-Alegandro, T., & Boles, T.S. (2004). A cross-national model of job-related outcomes of work role and family role variables: a retail sales context. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32, 49-60.
  104. O’Connor, M. (2003). Top challenges for managers: Dublin: Irish Management Institute, Centre for Management Research.
  105. Parasuraman, S., & Greenhaus, J.H. (1999). Integrating work and family: Challenges for a changing world. West Port: Praeger.
  106. Parasuraman, S., Purohit, Y.S., Godshal, K.V.M., & Beutell, N.J. (1996). Work and family variables, entrepreneurial career success and psychological well-being. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 48, 275-300.
  107. Pieterse, M., & Mostert, K. (2005). Measuring the work-home interface: Validation of survey work-home interaction – Nijmegen (SWING) instrument. Management Dynamics, 14, 2-15.
  108. Pizam, A., & Thornburg, S.W. (2000). Absenteeism and voluntary turnover in Central Florida hotels: a pilot study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19, 211-217.
  109. Powell, G., & Mainiero, L. (1999). Managerial decision making regarding alternative work arrangements. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 41-56.
  110. Ramesh, U., Joseph, K., & Renganathan, R., (2010). Issues and challenges in marketing Ayurveda based wellness tourism in Kerala. Indian Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Management, 1, 76-85.
  111. Ranjan, R., (2008). Medical tourism in India – Scope and Prospects. Synthesis, 5, 97-106.
  112. Rau, B.L. (2003). Flexible work arrangements. Sloan Work and Family Research Network. Retrieved January 31, 2010, from http://wfnetwork.bc.edu/encyclopedia-entry.phd?id = 240.
  113. Rhode, D. (2001). Balanced lives: changing the culture of legal practice. Chicago: American Bar association: Commission on Women in the Profession, ABA.
  114. Rice, R.W., Frone, M.R., & MacFarlin, D.B. (1992). Work, non-work conflict and the perceived quality of life. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 13, 155-168.
  115. Rosa, R.R., & Colligan, M.J. (1997). Plain language about shift work: U.S Department of Health and Human Services. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication, 97-145.
  116. Rost, I. (2006). Work wellness of employees in the earthmoving equipment industry, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
  117. Rowley, G., & Purcell, K. (2001). AS cooks go, she went: is labor churn inevitable? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 20, 163-185.
  118. Savery, L. (1988). The influence of social support on the reaction of an employee. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 13, 169-174.
  119. Scandura, T., & Lankau, M. (1997). Relationships of gender, family, responsibility and flexible work hours to organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 18, 377-391.
  120. Schellenberger, S. (1998). Study of U.S. workers finds sharp rise in desire to reduce hours. The Wall Street Journal, 15, 1-10.
  121. Self, D.R., Hott, D.T., & Schaninger, W.S. (2005). Work group and organizational support: a test of distinct dimensions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 133-140.
  122. Shaffer, M.A., Harrison, D.A., Gilley, K.M., & Luk, D.M. (2001). Struggling for balance amid turbulence on international assignments: Work-family conflict, support and commitment. Journal of Management, 27, 99-121.
  123. Shockley, K.M., & Allen, T.D. (2007). When flexibility helps: Another look at the availability of flexible work arrangements and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 71, 479-493.
  124. Sindhu, S., (2010). Branding Kerala tourism – an overview. Indian Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Management, 1, 86-98.
  125. Smith, P.A. (1993). I have worked shifts in the blast furnace for 15 years-so what can you tell me about O.H.S? In: Quinlan, M. (Ed.), Work and health critical readings on the origins, management and negotiation of occupational health, Melbourne: Macmillan.
  126. Smyth, F. (2005). Medical geography: Therapeutic places, spaces and networks. Progress in Human Geography, 29, 488-495.
  127. Sokejima, S., & Kagamimori, S. (1998). Working hours as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction in Japan: Case-control study. British Medical Journal, 317, 775-780.
  128. Sparks, K., Cooper, C., Fried, Y., & Shirom, A. (1997). The effects of hours of work on health: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 391-408.
  129. Sreekumar, T.T., & Parayil, G. (2002). Contentions and contradictions of tourism as development option, the case of Kerala, India. Third World Quarterly, 23(3), 529-548.
  130. Srivastava, R. (2006). Indian society for Aphaeresis and aphaeresis tourism in India – Is there a future? Transfusion and Aphaeresis Science, 34, 139-144.
  131. Stalcup, L.D., & Pearson, T.A. (2001). A model of the causes of management turnover in hotels. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 25, 17-30.
  132. Strawbridge, W.J., Wallhagen, M., Sharma, S., & Kaplan, G. (1997). New burdens or more of the same? Comparison of grandparent, spouse and adult-child care givers. Gerontologist, 37, 505-510.
  133. Subbarao, P.S. (2008). Issues and constraints in manpower supply in Indian hospitality industry working paper, 1-15, No. 2008-02-03, February, 2008, India: IIM Ahemedbad
  134. Taylor, R. (2001). The future of employment relations. Swindon: Future of Work Programme Seminar Series, Economic and Social Research Council.
  135. Thomas, L.T., & Ganster, D. (1995). Impact of family supportive work variables on work family conflict and strain: a control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 6-15.
  136. Thompson, C.A., & Prottas, D.J. (2005). Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 100-118.
  137. Tregaskis, D., Brewster, C., Mayne, L., & Hegewisch, A. (1998). Flexible working in Europe: the evidence and the implications. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 7, 61-78.
  138. Tregaskis, O., Brewster, C., Mayne, L., & Hegewisch, A. (1998). Flexible working in Europe: the evidence and implications. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 7, 61-78.
  139. Tulgan, B. (1996). Managing generation X. Oxford: Capstone.
  140. Van Tonder, H.P. (2005). A psychometric analysis of the survey work-home interaction Nigmegen (SWING) in a nursing environment. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
  141. Venkatachalam, V.B., (2010). Promoting health care tourism: content analysis of hospitals website disclosure. Indian Journal of Tourism of Hospitality Management, 1, 31-47.
  142. Wharton, A.S. (2006). Understanding diversity of work in the 21st Century and its impact on the work-family area of study. In: M. Pitt-Catsouphes, E. Kossek, & S. Sweet (Eds.) The work and family handbook: multi-disciplinary perspectives and approaches, (17-40), N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
  143. Williams, C. (2001). You snooze, You lose? – Sleep pattern in Canada. Canadian Social Trends, No. 60, Statistics Canada Catalogue, No. 11-008, 10-14.
  144. Williams, C. (2008). Work-life balance of shift workers. Perspectives, Statistics Canada – Catalogue, No. 75-001-X, 5-16.
  145. Wise, S., & Bond, S. (2003). Work-life policy: Does it do exactly what says on the tin? Women Management Review, 8(1), 20-31.
  146. Zedeck, S. (1992). Exploring the domain of work and family concerns: In: S. Zedeck, (Ed.), Work, families and organizations (1-476), San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Most read articles by the same author(s)