Pelaburan Langsung Asing dan Perkembangan Pelancongan: Kointegrasi dan Ujian Penyebab Granger di Sepuluh Destinasi Utama Pelancongan

Authors

  • Norlida Hanim Mohd Salleh Institut Kajian Ekosistem Marine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
  • Redzuan Othman Institut Kajian Asia Barat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
  • Tamat Sarmidi Institut Kajian Asia Barat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32890/ijms2012.19.1.10

Keywords:

Pelaburan langsung asing, perkembangan pelancongan, kointegrasi, ujian penyebab Granger

Abstract

Kebanyakan Negara Sedang Membangun menghadapi masalah kekurangan dana dalam membangunkan negara mereka khususnya dalam sektor yang memerlukan perbelanjaan yang besar seperti pembangunan industri pelancongan (ARR). Salah satu sumber dana yang penting adalah daripada Pelaburan Langsung Asing (PLA). Oleh itu kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kewujudan hubungan antara PLA dan ARR di destinasi pelancongan utama dunia, iaitu negara Perancis, Sepanyol, Amerika Syarikat, China, Itali, United Kingdom, Jerman, Turki, Mexico dan Malaysia bagi tempoh masa tiga puluh tahun iaitu daripada tahun 1978 hingga 2008. Untuk mencapai tujuan kajian ini, kaedah kointegrasi dan Ujian Penyebab Granger dalam kerangka pendekatan ARDL digunakan. Pemilihan kaedah ini disebabkan oleh keistimewaan kaedah itu sendiri di mana ia membenarkan data siri masa yang pendek digunakan di samping boleh diaplikasikan pada siri masa yang berbeza kepegunannya, iaitu I(0) dan I(I). Hasil kajian mendapati wujud hubungan jangka panjang atau kointegrasi antara PLA dan ARR di kesemua negara dikaji. Dalam jangka pendek ujian sebab-penyebab mendapati ARR adalah signifi kan mempengaruhi PLA bagi negara Perancis, Mexico, United Kingdom dan Malaysia. Sementara di Perancis, Mexico dan United Kingdom sahaja didapati PLA adalah signifi kan mempengaruhi ARR dalam jangka pendek. Bagi negara lain iaitu Jerman, Itali, Sepanyol, Turki, Amerika Syarikat dan China didapati kedua-dua pemboleh ubah PLA dan ARR tidak mempunyai sebarang hubungan dalam jangka pendek. Hasil kerja ini dapat dijadikan panduan kepada pembuat dasar dalam merangsang pembangunan pelancongan.
 
Kata kunci: Pelaburan langsung asing, perkembangan pelancongan, kointegrasi, ujian penyebab Granger.

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Published

28-06-2012

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 1 (2012): International Journal of Management Studies (IJMS) Vol. 19, No. 1 June 2012

Section

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Harvested 2026-09-08
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Identifiers DOI 10.32890/ijms2012.19.1.10

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