A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON UNDERSTANDING THE CONSUMPTIONS OF THERAPEUTIC ESSENTIAL OILS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG ADULTS USING ANN

Saadi Ahmad  Kamaruddin; Abdul Malek  Yaakob; Nor Anis Nadhirah  Md Nasir; Siti Fatimah  Abdul Rahman

doi:10.32890/jtom2021.16.2.7

Authors

Saadi Ahmad Kamaruddin Centre of Testing, Measurement and Appraisal (CeTMA), Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
Abdul Malek Yaakob Institute of Strategic Industrial Decision Modelling (ISIDM), School of Quantitative Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Persiaran Perdana, (UUM), 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.
Nor Anis Nadhirah Md Nasir School of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Persiaran Perdana, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.
Siti Fatimah Abdul Rahman Faculty of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32890/jtom2021.16.2.7

Keywords:

Consumption, therapeutic essential oils, COVID-19, adults

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the significance of utilizing essential oils (EO) as one of the holistic ways of supporting and enhancing health. As a consequence of growing knowledge of connected health concerns, people all over the world are looking for natural ways to avoid different ailments. It has been proven that excellent health and psychological awareness increase the human body's immune response, therefore boosting disease resistance. Essential oils are derived in a number of ways from valued plants containing active chemicals with medicinal qualities. In Malaysia, many have used EO in their daily lives. This paper identifies the hierarchy of importance among factors which contribute towards the usage frequency of essential oils in Malaysia using an artificial neural network. Two-layer neural network (NN) models have been applied, which are multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF). Based on the analysis done, RBF-NN performed the best with SSE=4.436 and RE=0.548. It can be concluded that, based on sensitivity analysis, the top five factors toward usage frequency are consumption, age, external use, clinic visit, and occasion, with normalized importance of 100%, 90.8%, 89.3%, 68.2%, and 42.2% respectively.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Acimovic, M., Pezo, L., Cvetkovic, M., Stankovic, J., & Cabarkapa, I. (2021). Achillea clypeolata sibth. & sm. essential oil composition and qsrr model for predicting retention indices. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 86(4), 355–366.

Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Falah, F., Lavi Arab, F., Vasiee, M., & Tabatabaee Yazdi, F. (2020). Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bark Essential Oil. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-8

Amadéo, S., Nguyen, N. L., Teai, T., Favro, P., Mulet, A., Colin-Fagotin, N., Rereao, M., Malogne, A., Simone, M. De, Rioche, G., Gassion, V., Pere, P., Prokop, A., Bernis, F., Dufour, P., Tuheiava, A., Vanquin, G., Vilhem, S., Gokalsing, E.,Jehel, L. (2020). Supportive effect of body contact care with ylang ylang aromatherapy and mam for suicide prevention: A pilot study. Journal of International Medical Research, 48(9).

Avola, R., Granata, G., Geraci, C., Napoli, E., Carol, A., Graziano, E. Cardile, V. (2020). Oregano (Origamum vulgare L.,) essential oil provides anti-inflammatory activity and facilities wound healing in human keratinocytes cell model. Food and chemical toxicology, 144, 111586.

Bahmani, L., Aboonajmi, M., Arabhosseini, A., & Mirsaeedghazi, H. (2018). ANN modeling of extraction kinetics of essential oil from tarragon using ultrasound pre-treatment. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 11(1), 25–29.

Bilcu, M., Grumezescu, A. M., Oprea, A. E., Popescu, R. C., Mogoanu, G. D., Hristu, R., Stanciu, G. A., Mihailescu, D. F., Lazar, V., Bezirtzoglou, E., & Chifiriuc, M. C. (2014). Efficiency of vanilla, patchouli and ylang ylang essential oils stabilized by iron oxide@C14 nanostructures against bacterial adherence and biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains. Molecules, 19(11), 17943–17956.

Cui, Y., Che, Y., & Wang, H. (2020). Bergamot essential oil attenuate aluminum induced anxiety-like behavior through antioxidation, anti-inflammatory and GABA regulation in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 145, 111766.

Fung, T. K. H., Lau, B. W. M., Ngai, S. P. C., & Tsang, H. W. H. (2021). Therapeutic effect and mechanisms of essential oils in mood disorders: Interaction between the nervous and respiratory systems. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(9). 4844.

Guandalini Cunha, B., Duque, C., Sampaio Caiaffa, K., Massunari, L., Araguê Catanoze, I., dos Santos, D. M., de Oliveira, S. H. P., & Guiotti, A. M. (2020). Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effects of citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) and commercial mouthwashes on S. aureus and C. albicans biofilms in prosthetic materials. Archives of Oral Biology, 109

Han, X., Gibson, J., Eggett, D. L., & Parker, T. L. (2017). Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) Essential Oil Inhalation Improves Positive Feelings in the Waiting Room of a Mental Health Treatment Center: A Pilot Study. Phytotherapy Research, 31(5), 812–816.

Huang, K., Liu, R., Zhang, Y. & Guan, X. (2021). Characteristics of two cedarwood essential oil emulsions and their antioxidant dan antibacterial activities. Food Chemistry, 128970.

Jung, D-J., Cha, J-Y., Kim, S-E., Ko, I-G., Jee, Y-S. (2013). Effects of Ylang-Ylang aroma on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy men, Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 9(2):250-255

Mazlan, M & Mohamad Diah, Nurazzura (2017). The awareness and practice of essential oil among Malaysians: Preliminary findings. In: Social Sciences Postgraduate International Seminar (SSPIS 2017), 29th November 2017, Bukit Jambul, Penang.

Panikar, S., Shoba, G., Arun, M., Sahayarayan, J.J., Usha Raja Nanthini, A., Chinnathambi, A., Alharbi, S.A., Nasif, O., Kim, H.-J. (2021). Essential oils as an effective alternative for the treatment of COVID-19: Molecular interaction analysis of protease (Mpro) with pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 15(4), 601–610.

Sánchez-Vidaña, D. I., Ngai, S. P. C., He, W., Chow, J. K. W., Lau, B. W. M., & Tsang, H. W. H. (2017). The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy for Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1–21.

Sardari, S., Mobaien, A., Ghassemifard, L., Kamali, K., Khavasi, N. (2021). Therapeutic effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil on patients with covid19: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Advanced Medical / Biomedical Research, 29(133), 83–91.

Senthil Kumar, K. J., Vani, M. G., Wang, C. S., Chen, C. C., Chen, Y. C., Lu, L. P., Huang, C. H., Lai, C. S., & Wang, S. Y. (2020). Geranium and lemon essential oils and their active compounds downregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain, in epithelial cells. Plants, 9(6), 1–12.

Seyyed-Rasooli, A., Salehi, F., Mohammadpoorasl, A., Goljaryan, S., Seyyedi, Z., & Thomson, B. (2016). Comparing the effects of aromatherapy massage and inhalation aromatherapy on anxiety and pain in burn patients: A single-blind randomized clinical trial. Burns, 42(8), 1774–1780.

Takeda, A., Watanuki, E., & Koyama, S. (2017). Effects of Inhalation Aromatherapy on Symptoms of Sleep Disturbance in the Elderly with Dementia. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017.

Valussi, M., Antonelli, M., Donelli, D., Firenzuoli, F. (2021). Appropriate use of essential oils and their components in the management of upper respiratory tract symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 28, 100451.

van der Watt, G., & Janca, A. (2008). Aromatherapy in nursing and mental health care. Contemporary Nurse, 30(1), 69–75.

Yazgan, H., Ozogul, Y., & Kuley, E. (2019). Antimicrobial influence of nanoemulsified lemon essential oil and pure lemon essential oil on food-borne pathogens and fish spoilage bacteria. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 306.