Articles Published 15 November 2020

Empirical Evidence of Obstacles of Women Entrepreneurship's Growth in Malaysia

Juliana Abu Bakar
Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
Zam Zuriyati Mohamad
Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
Sharmeela-Banu S. A.
Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
Thavamalar Ganapathy
Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
Full text
PDF View full text 709 KB · 18 pages XML JATS full text 53 KB · machine readable
DOI 10.32890/jbma2020.10.2.5 Cite this article
Citations
2
OpenAlex, highest of the sources checked
Reads
680
Abstract + full text
Downloads
612
PDF and XML
Percentile
89th
By citations, works of the same year

Article

Abstract

Women's equality and empowerment are one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals that was initiated to eliminate gender discrimination. This goal can be achieved through establishing women entrepreneurship by employing critical failure factor analysis. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the obstacles faced by women entrepreneurs; consisting of restricted training and education, legal constraints, limited access to financial resources, and family-related interface. Besides, this study was intended to examine how these obstacles affected women entrepreneurs' growth. Data related to 109 women entrepreneurs' in Malaysia were collected. The Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to rank these obstacles. Subsequently, partial least square structural equation model analysis was performed on the data. The findings revealed that restricted training and education, limited access to financial resources, and familyrelated interface have an adverse effect on women entrepreneurs' growth. Therefore, theoretically this study offered a new women entrepreneurs model by linking the obstacles and growth within a single study.

Keywords
Women Entrepreneurship Training and Education Financial Resources Family-Related Interfaces Critical Failure Factor Relative Importance Index

How to Cite

How to Cite

Empirical Evidence of Obstacles of Women Entrepreneurship’s Growth in Malaysia. (2020). Journal of Business Management and Accounting, 10(2), 67-84. https://doi.org/10.32890/jbma2020.10.2.5

Metrics & impact

Citations by source

Harvested 02-09-2026

Counts differ by index because each source crawls a different corpus. Crossref counts only registered reference lists; Google Scholar includes theses, preprints and grey literature.

OpenAlex
2
Open corpus, updated daily View →
OpenCitations
1
Open references only View →
Crossref
1
Deposited reference lists only View →
Scopus
0 Not indexed
Indexed titles only View →
Google Scholar
Publishes no citation count that can be read automatically.
Includes theses and preprints Search →
Dimensions
Publishes no citation count that can be read automatically.
Includes policy documents Search →

Citations over time

New citations recorded in each year, as reported by OpenAlex.

1
0
1
0
0
0
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

Reads & downloads

Abstract views 680
PDF downloads 612
XML downloads 0
Counted under COUNTER Release 5 rules; known robots excluded.

Attention beyond citation

Citation percentile 89th
Field-weighted citation impact 0.52
Works this article cites 25

From OpenAlex. A field-weighted impact of 1.00 is the world average for work of the same field, type and year. No Altmetric key is configured, so news, policy and social attention are not shown.

Identifiers
DOI · 10.32890/jbma2020.10.2.5
OpenAlex · W3158571494

References

References 37
Deposited to Crossref with the article DOI
  1. Akehurst, G., Simarro, E., & Mas-Tur, A. (2012). Women entrepreneurship in small service firms: Motivations, barriers and performance. The Service Industries Journal, 32(15), 2489-2505.
  2. Aliyu, R. M., Ahmad, T. S. T., & Nordin, N. (2019). The influence of training on business performance of women entrepreneurs: The mediating role of innovation. Sains Humanika, 11(2-2), 91-97.
  3. Ariff, M., & Abubakar, S. Y. (2003). Strengthening entrepreneurship in Malaysia. Malaysian Institute of Economic Research, Kuala Lumpur, 1-22.
  4. Baba, G. K. (2013). The challenges of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria and way forward. Journal of Business and Organisational Development, 5(1), 54-64.
  5. Baum, J. R., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 587.
  6. Carter, S. & Shaw, E. (2006). Women’s business ownership: Recent research and policy developments. UK: Small Business Service, 1-96.
  7. Chinomona, E., & Maziriri, E. T. (2015). Women in action: Challenges facing women entrepreneurs in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. International Business and Economics Research Journal (IBER), 14(6), 835-850. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Report 2015/2016. Retrieved June 23, 2019, from https://www.gemconsortium.org/file/open?fileId=49480. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Report 2016/2017. Retrieved June 23, 2019, from https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20162017-womens-entrepreneurship-report.
  8. Gill, R., & Ganesh, S. (2007). Empowerment, constraint, and the entrepreneurial self: A study of white women entrepreneurs. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35(3), 268-293.
  9. GMI (2014). Giving credit where it is due: How closing the credit gap for women-owned SMEs can drive global growth. Retrieved August 18, 2014, from http://www.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/investing-inwomen/gmi-report-pdf.pdf.
  10. Grecu, V., & Denes, C. (2017). Benefits of entrepreneurship education and training for engineering students. In MATEC Web of Conferences, 121, 1-7.
  11. Hair, J F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
  12. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-151.
  13. Haper, C. E. (2004). Conflict management styles, strength of conflict management self-efficiency and moral development levels of school counsellors. Unpublished PhD Thesis, North Carolina State University, USA.
  14. Jahed, M. A., Kulsum, U., & Akther, S. (2011). Women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh: A study on support services available for its development and growth. Global Management. Review, 5(3), 1-11.
  15. Kabeer, N. (2001). Reflections on the measurement of women’s empowerment. In Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 17-57.
  16. Kazumi, T. and Kawai, N. (2017), “Institutional support and women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy”, Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(3), 345-365.
  17. Kithae, P. P., Maganjo, R., & Kavinda, L. (2013). Impact of entrepreneurship training on performance of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Kenya: A case study of Embu Municipality. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(2), 1-17.
  18. Kuppusamy, J., Ganesan, J., & Rosada, S. A. (2010). Leadership styles and management techniques: An analysis of Malaysian women entrepreneurs. Communications of the IBIMA 2010, Article ID 817881.
  19. Loveline, A. A., Uchenna, O. I., & Karubi, N. P. (2014). Women entrepreneurship in Malaysia: An empirical assessment of the challenges faced by micro and small business owners in Kuching-Sarawak. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, 4(1), 48-58.
  20. Maryam, I., Mbasua, A. Y., & Fatima, U. (2017). Impact of entrepreneurship education and training on women entrepreneurs in Gombe State, Nigeria. Gombe Journal of General Studies, 1(1), 118-189.
  21. Md Isa, F., Jaganathan, M., Ahmdon, S., Afiq, M., & Mohamad Ibrahim, H. (2018). Malaysian women entrepreneurs: Some emerging issues and challenges of entering global market. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12), 1596-1605.
  22. Meherun, N. (2014). Economic empowerment of women through entrepreneurship. A study of Women SME Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh, 1-63.
  23. Minniti, M. (2010). Female entrepreneurship and economic activity. The European Journal of Development Research, 22(3), 294-312.
  24. Norman, M. S. (2013). Essentials of entrepreneurs and small business management (6th ed.) Pearson Education Publication.
  25. Obilo, C. J. (2014). Non-financial factors influencing performance of women owned enterprises in Kenya: A case study of women owned enterprises in Kisauni Sub-Country. Research Study of the Management University of Africa, 1-51.
  26. OECD (2019). SMEs and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019, 1-18.
  27. Olena, H. (2014). Intersectionality 101. Research Study for the Institute for Intersectionality Research and Policy, 1-34.
  28. Park, S., Lee, H., & Chae, S. W. (2017). Rethinking balanced scorecard (BSC) measures: Formative versus reflective measurement models. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 66(1), 92-110.
  29. Rabbani, G., & Chowdury, S. (2013). Policies and institutional supports for women entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh: Achievements and challenges. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 2(1), 31-39.
  30. Somiah, M. K., Osei-Poku, G., & Aidoo, I. (2015). Relative importance analysis of factors influencing unauthorized siting of residential buildings in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis of Ghana. Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, 03(03), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbcpr.2015.33012.
  31. Taqi, N. (2016). The challenges facing women entrepreneurs: A study on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Doctoral dissertation, Brunel University, London.
  32. Teoh and Chong (2014). Towards strengthening the development of women entrepreneurship in Malaysia. Gender in Management: An International Journal. 29 (7), 432-453.
  33. Tiwari, N. (2017). Women entrepreneurship in India: A literature review. Amity Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 47-60.
  34. UNDP (2008). Malaysia nurturing women entrepreneurs. Retrieved June 23, 2019, from ww.my.undp.org /UNDP_Malaysia_NurturingWomenEntrepreneurs.
  35. UNDP Strategic Plan (2018). Executive board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services. 2018-2021. Retrieved June 23, 2019, from https://www. undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html.
  36. Vossenberg, S. (2013). Women entrepreneurship promotion in developing countries: What explains the gender gap in entrepreneurship and how to close it. Maastricht School of Management Working Paper Series, 8(1), 1-27.
  37. Xavier, S. R., Ahmad, S. Z., Nor, L. M., & Yusof, M. (2012). Women entrepreneurs: Making a change from employment to small and medium business ownership. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4(1), 321-334.