Identifying Problems and Solutions of the E-Court System of Religious Courts in Indonesia: An Analytic Network Process Study

Authors

  • Azhar Alam Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Ririn Tri Ratnasari Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
  • Yusuf Wisnu Nugroho Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Putri Melaniya Utami Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2024.15.2.10

Keywords:

issues, alternative solutions, e-court, analytic network process

Abstract

Many nations are creating E-courts to simplify court operations. However, religious e-Courts take more work to execute. This study has
identified religious court e-Court implementation issues and solutions using Delphi and ANP. It first employed Delphi and a literature review to interview experts face-to-face. Eight judges, I.T. workers, and attorneys from three religious court districts analysed the model using a priority scale with an Analytic Network Process (ANP). The study found that infrastructure or equipment from the application of the e-Court system is the main issue, with a geometric mean of 0.306, followed by Human Resources (0.262), the system (0.219), and regulation (0.213). Improving e-Court system regulation (0.850) and infrastructure were the primary solutions (0.770). This paper details cluster priority solutions and issues. This study suggests that the highest religious court authority focuses on infrastructure, human resources, e-Court operational systems, and associated legislations. The government must adopt the e-Court system and registration laws to encourage more active socialising. The study prioritises e-Court implementation issues in the religious courts of Indonesia. 

References

Adeleye, J. T., Ahmed, R. K., Nyman-Metcalf, K., & Draheim, D. (2022). E-court transition process: Identifying critical factors and recommendations for developing countries. In 8th International Conference on Electronic Governance and Open Society: Challenges in Eurasia, EGOSE 2021: Vol. 1529 CCIS (pp. 305–317). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04238-6_23

Ahmed, R. K., Muhammed, K. H., Pappel, I., & Draheim, D. (2021). Impact of e-court systems implementation: A case study. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 15(1), 108–128. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-01-2020-0008

Ahyani, H., Makturidi, M. G., & Muharir, M. (2021). E-court civil case administration in Indonesia. Batulis Civil Law Review, 2(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v2i1.521

Al-Naimat, O., Al-Dabbas, N. A., & Maaqqbeh, M. M. F. (2021). Transition to e-litigation as a mechanism to activate e-court in Jordan: An analytical study. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(1), 1–10. https://www.scopus.com/ inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105153177&partnerID=40& md5=e25cd4848df8deccd08a769c6edac3dc

Alam, S., Aunuh, N., & Luthfi, M. (2021). E-court effectiveness of religious courts in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Law Reform (INCLAR 2021), 590(Inclar), 92–97. https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125962488.pdf

Alona, N. (2021a). E-evidence and e-court in the context of the covid-19 pandemic: A study from Ukraine. Access to Justice in Eastern Europe, 4(4), 163–181. https://doi.org/10.33327/ AJEE-18-4.4-n000091

Alona, N. (2021b). E-evidence and e-court in the context of the covid-19 pandemic: A study from Ukraine. Access to Justice in Eastern Europe, 4(4), 163–181. https://doi.org/10.33327/ AJEE-18-4.4-n000091

Ascarya, Rahmawati, S., & Tanjung, H. (2018). Design the roadmap of holistic financial inclusion for Baitul Maal wat Tamwil. Tazkia Islamic Finance and Business Review, 12(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.30993/tifbr.v12i1.112

Ascarya, A., & Sakti, A. (2022). Designing micro-fintech models for Islamic micro financial institutions in Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 15(2), 236–254. https://doi.org/10.1108/ IMEFM-05-2020-0233

Ascarya, A., Suharto, U., & Husman, J. A. (2022). Proposed model of integrated Islamic commercial and social finance for Islamic bank in Indonesia. Eurasian Economic Review, 12(1), 115–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40822-022-00201-z

Athief, F. H. N., Alam, A., & Inayati, N. L. (2020). Evaluation of community needs-based learning curriculum: Study in the Sharia economic law bachelor program. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies), 8(2), 213–234. https://doi.org/10.15642/jpai.2020.8.2.213-234

Atikah, I. (2018). Implementation of e-court and its impact on advocates in the process of settlement of cases in Indonesia. Proceeding Open Society Confrence, 107–127. http://repository. ut.ac.id/7957/1/ocs-2018-7.pdf.pdf

Aulawi, A., & Asmawi, M. (2020). Effectiveness of e-court in improving service quality at Serang Religious Courts. 410(Imcete 2019), 212–215. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200303.050

Berutu, L. (2020). Making justice simple, fast and low cost with e-court. Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum, 4(April), 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35973/jidh.v5i1.1552

Budirahmadi, A. K., & Maharani, S. (2021). E-court and e-litigation implementation in divorce case resolution process at the Surabaya Religious Court. In-Prolegurit International Prosiding, 1(1), 239–264. http://in-prolegurit.upnjatim.ac.id/ index.php/in-prolegurit/article/view/15

Burhanuddin, Fathonih, A., Rosadi, A., & Nuraeni, E. (2022). Implementation of electronic case services (e-court) during the Covid-19 pandemic its relationship with the principle of legal certainty. Al-Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Peradilan Islam, 3(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.15575/ as.v3i1.17518

Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1962). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.9.3.458

Dinar, I. G. A. A. G. P., Budiartha, I. N. P., Nurcholis, A., & Zarkasi, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of the parties-written-approval requirement for conducting electronic litigation through the e-court system in Indonesia. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(1), 1–5. https://www.scopus.com/ inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105136691&partnerID=40& md5=f336211ac16a462f2d1c430d270dc0d2

Djatmiko, H. (2019). Implementation of electronic courts (e-court) after the law of perma number 3 of 2018 regarding electronic court administration. Legalita, 1(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.47637/legalita.v1i1.28

Dzatihanani, R. S., & Rosyadi, I. (2019). Murabaha dispute settelement in a Sharia Rural Bank of Klaten. Journal of Islamic Economic Laws, 2(2), 212–233. https://doi.org/10.23917/jisel.v2i2.8593

Fatwah, S., & Umar, K. (2020). Application of the e-court system in the Makassar State Administrative Court from the perspective of Siyasah Syar’Iyyah. Siyasatuna, 2(3), 582–593. http://journal. uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/siyasatuna/article/view/19536

Fita, R. A. (2021). Analysis of Sharia Economic Settlement Based on E-Court in Religious Court Maybe in The Effort of Implementing The Principle of Fast, Simple and Low Cost Judgment [IAIN Purwokerto]. http://repository.iainpurwokerto.ac.id/9517/

Frade, C., Fernando, P., & Conceição, A. F. (2020). The performance of the courts in the digital era: The case of insolvency and restructuring proceedings. International Insolvency Review, 29(3), 346–359. https://doi.org/10.1002/iir.1390

Hamdani, L., Nasution, M. Y., & Marpaung, M. (2019). Solutions to zakat problems at BAZNAS with the ANP method: A study on the implementation of zakat core principles. Muqtasid, 10(1), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.18326/muqtasid.v10i1.40-56

Helmi, H. R. (2019). The existence of electronic courts (e-court) in realizing simple, fast and low-cost justice. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 8(9), 270–278. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077682417&partnerID=40&md5=be8e2542cc6cafeeff3489 eebe8f3fb6

Hidayat, F. P., & Asni. (2020). The effectiveness of the application of e-court in the settlement of cases at the Makassar religious court. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Keluarga Islam, 2(1), 104–118. https://doi.org/10.24252/qadauna.v2i1.16648

Himayasari, N. D., Anshori, A. R., & Maulida, I. S. R. (2022). Legal effectiveness of the supreme court regulation on Sharia economic dispute settlement in West Java Religious Court. Mizan: Journal of Islamic Law, 6(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.32507/mizan.v5i3.1072

Hsu, C.-C., & Sandford, B. A. (2007). The Delphi technique: Making sense of consensus. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 12, 10. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1177&context=pare

Ibrahim, M. R. (2016). Application of the e-court system at the Sarolangun Religious Court (Issue July) [Universitas islam negri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi]. http://repository. uinjambi.ac.id/id/eprint/10259

Indonesian Supreme Court. (2019). E-court handbook. https://pn-purwakarta.go.id/files/ecourt/ecourt_manual_full.pdf

Inshakova, A. O., & Rusakova, E. P. (2021). Industrial and manufacturing engineering and its contribution to quality of digital legal proceedings in the Eaeu and Brics: From digital evidence to internet courts and e-court. International Journal for Quality Research, 15(4), 1027–1048. https://doi.org/10.24874/ IJQR15.04-01

Iqbal, M., Susanto, & Sutoro, M. (2015). E-court administration system effectiveness in an effort to support fast, simple and low cost administrative process in court. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau, 53(9), 1689–1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.30652/jih.v8i2.7286

Kharlie, A. T., & Cholil, A. (2020). E-court and e-litigation: The new face of civil court practices in Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(2), 2206–2213. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082881188&partnerID=40&md5=06c0a6e8c7e8fad440bc4 8751766b938

Kurnia, M. R. (2019). Implementation of the e-court and its impact on the settlement of cases at the Central Jakarta Religious Courts [Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta]. https://doi.org/10.15408/jf.v21i2.22335

Kurniati, I. A. (2019). Restoring the image of justice through e-court. Conference on Communication and New Media Studies, 1(2), 176–185. https://proceeding.umn.ac.id/index.php/ COMNEWS/article/view/1093

Kurniawan, M. B. (2020). Implementation of electronic trial (e-litigation) on the civil cases in Indonesia court as a legal renewal of civil procedural law. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 9(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.9.1.2020.43-70

Latifiani, D., Widyawati, A., Fibrianti, N., & Ningsih, A. S. (2020). Advocate as law enforcer in the implementation of e-court. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 4, 439–449. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081255617&partnerID=40&md5=b74da4cdcc0f7710a fbc10ec0a32bae9

Maryam, S. (2019). Settlement of Sharia economic disputes through mediation at the Jambi Class Ia Religious Court [Universita Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi]. In Thesis (Vol. 1, Issue 1). http://repository.uinjambi.ac.id/1952/1/SHE162085_ SITI MARYAM_HES - Siti Maryam.pdf

May, L., & Burdon, M. (2006). Information protection management structures in australian e-courts. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 1(3), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer1030022

Muhammad, H. (2020). The effectiveness and efficiency of Sharia economic dispute resolution in the religious courts. Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan, 7(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v7i1.3192

Musjtari, D. N., Roro, F. S. R., & Setyowati, R. (2022). Islamic P2P lending as an alternative solution for the unfair conventional platform in indonesia. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 13(1), 21–43. https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2021.13.1.2

Paridah, B. (2020). Implementation and impact of e-court (electronics justice system) on advocates in the process of settlement of cases at the Selong District Court. JURIDICA: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gunung Rinjani, 2(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.46601/juridica.v2i1.180

Pebrianto, R., Ikhwan, & Azwar, Z. (2021). Effectiveness of e-court implementation in case resolution (case study at the Painan Religious Court)). Journal Al-Ahkam, XXII(1), 181–197. https://doi.org/10.15548/alahkam.v12i1

Peniwati, K. (2007). Criteria for evaluating group decision-making methods. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 46(7–8), 935–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2007.03.005

Potter, S., Farrelly, P., & Begg, D. (2008). The e-court roadmap: Innovation and integration - An Australian case study. In E-Justice: Information and Communication Technologies in the Court System (pp. 165–185). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-998-4.ch011

Purwantini, N., Afandi, & Heriawanto, B. K. (2019). Application of E-Litigation on the Legality of Judges’ Decisions in Religious Courts According to Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2019 concerning Electronic Case Administration and Trial. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 27(8), 1116–1132. http://riset.unisma. ac.id/index.php/jdh/article/viewFile/9429/7738

Putra, D. (2020). A modern judicial system in Indonesia: Legal breakthrough of e-court and e-legal proceeding. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 9(2), 275. https://doi.org/10.25216/ jhp.9.2.2020.275-297

Ramadhan, R., & Abubakar, M. (2021). Effectiveness of the e-court service system in civil cases at the Banda Aceh District Court. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bidang Hukum Keperdataan, 5(2), 281–290. https://jim.unsyiah.ac.id/perdata/article/ download/20262/9339

Ramly, N., Said, M. F., Chong, C. W., & Rahman, S. A. (2015). Analysing factors that affect E-Syariah adoption by Shar’ie lawyers. Jurnal Pengurusan, 43, 89–96. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2015-43-08

Retnaningsih, S., Nasution, D. L. S., Velentina, R. A., & Manthovani, K. (2020). Implementation of e-court according to perma number 3 of 2018 concerning administration of cases in court electronic and e-litigation according to perma number 1 year 2019 concerning court administration and electronic trial. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 50(1), 124–144. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol50.no1.2486

Rusydiana, A. S., & Devi, A. (2013). Analytic network process: Pengantar teori dan aplikasi [Analytic network process: Introduction to theory and application] (Pertama, Issue 1). Smart Publishing.

Saaty, T. L., & Vargas, L. G. (2006). Decision making with the analytic network process. In Omega (Vol. 15, Issue 4). Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Saman, W. S. W. M., & Haider, A. (2013). E-court: Technology diffusion in court management. 19th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2013, 2, 1273–1284. https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893314087&part nerID=40&md5=fe5ae2e390b042ea157cae0d45852d05

Saputra, R. (2018). Application of case administration in courts electronically (e-court) towards the industrial revolution 4.0. Scripta Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Hukum, 1(1), 1–12. http://repository.ubharajaya.ac.id/3031/

Sari, N. P. R. K. (2019). The existence of e-court to realize the principle of simple, fast, and low cost in the civil justice system in Indonesia. Yustitia, 13(1), 1–17. https://www.ojs.unr.ac.id/ index.php/yustitia/article/view/275

Schmitz, A. J. (2019). Expanding access to remedies through e-court initiatives. Buffalo Law Review, 67(1), 89–163. https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066490451&part nerID=40&md5=fa29c6c04bdb0f93c240f22c55f86557

Shidiq, A. Z., Afandi, & Kaimuddin, A. (2019). E-court system as a form of simple, fast and low cost implementation of judicial principles. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum, 27(3), 331–349. http://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/jdh/article/view/9400

Shuldberg, K. (1997). Digital influence: Technology and unpublished opinions in the federal courts of appeals. California Law Review, 85(2), 543. https://doi.org/10.2307/3481076

Soundari, D. V, Pradheep, N., Praveen Raj, K. G., & Purna Chanduru, N. M. (2022). E-court management system. 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems, ICACCS 2022, 1118–1123. https://doi.org/10.1109/ ICACCS54159.2022.9785083

Supriyatni, R., & Fariana, A. (2017). Effective Islamic economic dispute resolution model linked to competence in religious courts in the context of national economic growth. Jurnal Jurisprudence, 7(1), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v7i1.4361

Susanto, Iqbal, M., & Supriyatna, W. (2020). Creating an efficient justice system with e-court system in state court and religious court of rights. International Journal of Arts and Social Science, 3(3), 354–361. https://www.ijassjournal.com/2020/ V3I3/41465751995.pdf

Syarifuddin, M. (2020). The role of the supreme court of the republic of Indonesia in regulating e-court during the new normal of Covid-19 pandemic. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(11), 811–817. https://doi.org/10.31838/srp.2020.11.119

Wahab, H. A., Razak, S. S. A., & Mahmod, N. A. K. N. (2022). Legal issues in working from home amid Covid-19 pandemic in Malaysia. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 13(2), 163–186. https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2022.13.2.7

Wallace, A., & Laster, K. (2021). Courts in Victoria, Australia, during COVID: Will digital innovation stick? International Journal for Court Administration, 12(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.36745/ IJCA.389

Wan Ismail, W. A. F., Baharuddin, A. S., Mutalib, L. A., & Aiman Alias, M. A. (2021). A systematic analysis on the admissibility of digital documents as evidence in Malaysian syariah courts. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(3), 1981–1996. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.3.26

Wardiono, K., & Yuspin, W. (2019). The sharia microfinance and the counter-hegemonic movement: Examining the legal norms regulating aspects of institutional and business activities in Surakarta. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 7(3), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.737

Withanaarachchi, A. S., Nanayakkara, J., & Pushpakumara, C. (2015). Delphi as a methodology for eliciting expert opinion -- important factors to be considered. SSRN Electronic Journal, July 2015. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2632765

Yang, C. H., Chen, H. J., Lin, L. C., & Morrison, A. M. (2021). The analysis of critical success factors for in-town check-in in Taiwan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010200

Yuspin, W., & Hatinuraya, Y. P. (2015). Tinjauan yuridis penyelesaian sengketa perekonomian syariah pasca berlakunya undang-undang nomor 3 tahun 2006. Jurnal Jurisprudence, 6(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v6i1.3000

Zakiyy, N., & Hassan, K. H. (2015). Reviewing specific oversights in civil litigation reforms in Malaysia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6), 428–435. https://doi.org/10.5901/ mjss.2015.v6n6p428

Zernik, J. (2018). E-courts in Israel: Are judges permitted to deceive in imprisonment? In R. A.C. & B.-L. R. (Eds.), 18th European Conference on Digital Government, ECDG 2018 (Vols. 2018-Octob, pp. 257–266). Academic Conferences Limited. https://www.proquest.com/openview/0c378f08515c6e941e0c0 ccbb6d82bd2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1796415

Zulkifli, Z., Hamzah, Z., & Hamzah, H. (2018). Analysis of Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) problems through the Analytical Network Process (ANP) approach. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Agama Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan, 13(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.25299/ al-hikmah:jaip.2016.vol13(1).1162

Downloads

Published

30-07-2024

How to Cite

Alam, A., Ratnasari, R. T., Nugroho, Y. W., & Utami, P. M. (2024). Identifying Problems and Solutions of the E-Court System of Religious Courts in Indonesia: An Analytic Network Process Study. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 15(2), 645-674. https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2024.15.2.10

Research impact

Harvested 2026-09-22
4 citations, from OpenCitations — the highest of the sources checked

Counts differ between services because each indexes a different body of literature. None of them is the whole picture.

Identifiers DOI 10.32890/uumjls2024.15.2.10 OpenAlex W4401199502 Scopus 85200315415