PENGUATKUASAAN PEMATUHAN PERUNDANGAN BERKAITAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN DI SEKTOR PEMBINAAN (Enforcement of Occupational Safety and Health related Legal’s Compliances in Construction Sector)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2024.15.1.15Keywords:
Keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan (KKP), kepatuhan, penguatkuasaan, binaanAbstract
Dalam konteks tempat kerja, sektor binaan menyumbang kepada kes kemalangan maut tertinggi di Malaysia. Pematuhan terhadap perundangan berkaitan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan (KKP) adalah penting bagi memastikan pekerja di tapak binaan selamat dan sihat. Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994 (OSHA 1994) dan Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967 (FMA 1967) yang dikuatkuasakan oleh Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (DOSH) memperuntukkan tanggungjawab para majikan dalam memastikan keselamatan, kesihatan dan kebajikan para pekerja mereka, termasuk yang di tapak binaan. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk mengetengahkan analisis penguatkuasaan bagi pematuhan perundangan KKP oleh DOSH terhadap sektor binaan di Malaysia. Kajian ini merupakan kajian penerokaan melalui kaedah menganalisis data sekunder berkaitan yang diperoleh daripada DOSH.Hasil analisis data-data tersebut menunjukkan DOSH memfokuskan pendekatan progresif dengan mengeluarkan notis bagi ketidakpatuhan yang ditemui. Analisis data juga mendapati DOSH menumpukan tindakan punitif berkaitan OSHA 1994 yang mempunyai skop lebih luas berbanding dengan FMA 1967 yang tertumpu pada keselamatan berkaitan jentera. Dapatan kajian menemukan tindakan punitif yang dikenakan pada majikan di sektor pembinaan atas kesalahan-kesalahan, seperti pengendalian perancah yang tidak selamat, keselamatan elektrik yang terabai dan kegagalan mematuhi prosedur bekerja di tempat tinggi sehingga menyebabkan kemalangan. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa DOSH perlu melaksanakan penguatkuasaan secara progresif dan punitif secara seimbang bagi meningkatkan kepatuhan kepada KKP di sektor binaan dan seterusnya mencegah kemalangan. Kajian ini memberi implikasi kepada akademia dengan menyediakan bukti emperikal tentang statistik penguatkuasaan perundangan berkaitan KKP yang sangat terhad. Selain itu, kajian ini juga boleh menjadi rujukan oleh DOSH dalam merangka strategi yang lebih berkesan demi mengurangkan kemalangan maut di sektor binaan.
Abstract
In the context of the workplace, the construction sector contributes to the highest fatality rates in Malaysia. Compliance with occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation is crucial to ensure the safety and health of workers on construction sites. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) and the Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967), enforced by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), stipulate the responsibilities of employers in ensuring the safety, health, and welfare of their workers, including those in the construction industry. The objective of this study is to analyze the enforcement of OSH compliance by DOSH in the construction sector in Malaysia. This study is an exploratory research that involves the analysis of relevant secondary data obtained from DOSH. Furthermore, interviews with senior DOSH officials related to this matter were conducted to obtain detailed explanations about the legislative actions taken. The analysis of the data indicates that DOSH adopts a progressive approach by issuing notices for non- compliance. The data analysis also reveals that DOSH focuses on punitive actions related to OSHA 1994, which has a broader scope compared to FMA 1967, which focuses on machinery-related safety. The study findings identify punitive actions taken against construction sector employers for offenses such as unsafe scaffolding, neglected electrical safety, and failure to adhere to work procedures at heights, resulting in accidents. This study suggests that DOSH should implement a balanced, progressive, and punitive enforcement approach to enhance compliance with OSH in the construction sector and ultimately prevent accidents. The study has implications for academia by providing empirical evidence of the limited statistics on OSH enforcement. Additionally, this study can serve as a reference for DOSH in formulating more effective strategies to reduce fatal accidents in the construction sector.
Keywords: Occupational safety and health (OSH), compliance, enforcement, construction.
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