Pembangunan Ekonomi Orang Asli di Semenanjung Malaysia: Pengajaran yang Boleh Dipelajari daripada Masyarakat Maori di New Zealand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2022.13.1.17Keywords:
DHOA, Orang Asli, orang asal, Maori, undang-undang antarabangsaAbstract
Perkara 3 Deklarasi mengenai Hak Orang Asal (DHOA) mengiktiraf hak penentuan kendiri orang asal yang turut merangkumi aspek ekonomi. Sungguhpun begitu, terdapat kajian yang mencukupi bahawa Orang Asli masih dibelenggu dengan isu ekonomi, dihimpit kemiskinan, ketiadaan pengiktirafan hak tanah Orang Asli dan terpinggir dari pembangunan arus perdana. Antara faktornya ialah kelompangan undang-undang dalam Akta Orang Asli 1954 (AOA) dan polisi pembangunan ekonomi Orang Asli sedia ada tidak sepadan dengan keperluan mereka. Oleh yang demikian, objektif utama artikel ini ialah untuk menerangkan isu berkaitan pembangunan ekonomi Orang Asli dan hak ekonomi orang asal di bawah DHOA seterusnya menganalisis pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat Maori di New Zealand dengan merujuk kepada piawaian di bawah DHOA dan undang-undang antarabangsa dengan menggunakan metodologi sosio-perundangan dan menganalisis data secara kualitatif. Artikel ini mendedahkan bahawa kedudukan pengiktirafan hak ekonomi Maori adalah lebih baik dan maju berbanding Orang Asli. Justeru, artikel ini mengemukakan tiga perkara yang wajar dipelajari daripada pengiktirafan hak ekonomi Maori seterusnya mengemukakan empat cadangan dari segi perundangan untuk penambahbaikan pembangunan ekonomi Orang Asli seperti cadangan pindaan AOA, memperkasakan peranan JAKOA dan institusi berkaitan Orang Asli, mengiktiraf nilai, adat dan budaya serta aktiviti ekonomi Orang Asli. Kesimpulannya, artikel ini dapat memberi sumbangan dan impak yang fundamental ke arah pembangunan lestari Orang Asli, seterusnya membantu Malaysia menunaikan obligasi undang-undang antarabangsa.
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