The usage of positive reinforcement to study its effect on learners' motivation during online class.

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of positive reinforcement on working adult learners’ motivation in online English learning. Grounded in Skinner’s operant conditioning theory, it explores how rewards and praise influence learners’ emotional responses and engagement during virtual lessons. Using a qualitative case study design, six adult learners enrolled in a part time English Proficiency II course at 
a university in northern Malaysia were interviewed through semi structured online sessions. Data were analysed thematically to identify the relationship between reinforcement and motivation. Findings reveal that positive reinforcement significantly enhances learners’ emotional states, particularly feelings of pride, happiness, and encouragement, thereby improving participation and persistence in online learning tasks. Furthermore, the study shows that intrinsic motivation, driven by self-improvement, confidence, and the importance of mastering English, plays a more dominant role than extrinsic factors such as workplace requirements. The study concludes that incorporating verbal praise and supportive feedback into online instruction can foster greater engagement and satisfaction. Recommendations include integrating structured reinforcement strategies in adult education and expanding future research to broader demographic contexts.