The Implementation of 12-Year Compulsory Education  in 3T Area: A Case Study of Kupang Regency

(Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Wajib -12 Tahun di Kawasan 3T: Satu Kajian Kes di Kabupaten Kupang)

Authors

  • Sa'adiyah El- Adawiyah Muhammadiyah University Jakarta, Indonesia Author
  • Tini Aprian Indonesian Institute of Research and Innovation, Indonesia Author
  • Makmur Harun Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia Author
  • Hadi Supratikta Indonesian Institute of Research and Innovation, Indonesia Author
  • Akhmad Yasin Indonesian Institute of Research and Innovation, Indonesia Author
  • Reslawati Indonesian Institute of Research and Innovation, Indonesia Author
  • Ray Septianis Kartika Indonesian Institute of Research and Innovation, Indonesia Author
  • Rosidah Indonesian Institute of Research and Innovation, Indonesia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32890/myjid2026.1.1.12

Keywords:

study, implementation, 12-Year compulsory education, three area remote, frontier and outermost, Kupang regency

Abstract

 

Education is a fundamental right and should be accessible to all school-age in Indonesia in a fair and equal manner. In addition, the government has created and put into action various education programs that are just and fair, with a primary focus on the 12-year compulsory education program, specifically in 3T (Disadvantaged, Remote, and Border) areas. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how the 12-year compulsory education was being carried out in 3T area, using Kupang Regency in East Nusa Tenggara as a specific example. In order to perform the investigation, a qualitative approach was employed, and interviews were performed with different individuals, including the head of the Kupang Regency Office, school principals from elementary, middle, and high schools, as well as community leaders. The results showed numerous challenges that the region faced, such as problems related to access, infrastructure, education quality, and educational standards. The strategies used involved cooperation among the government, private sector, and the community to effectively implement the 12-year compulsory education program.

 

 

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Published

31-07-2026

How to Cite

El- Adawiyah, S., Aprian, T., Harun, M., Supratikta, H., Yasin, A., Reslawati, Kartika, R. S., & Rosidah. (2026). The Implementation of 12-Year Compulsory Education  in 3T Area: A Case Study of Kupang Regency: (Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Wajib -12 Tahun di Kawasan 3T: Satu Kajian Kes di Kabupaten Kupang). Malaysian Journal of Islamic Development, 1, 172-187. https://doi.org/10.32890/myjid2026.1.1.12