National Identity (NATID) Framework in Multi-Ethnic Affiliations Consumer Market: The Case of Malaysia

Authors

  • Hamid Rizal Faculty of International Finance, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
  • Alesia Sigang Gugkang Faculty of International Finance Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
  • Geoffrey Harvey Tanakinjal Faculty of International Finance Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
  • Sudin Lada Faculty of International Finance Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32890/mmj2014.18.5

Keywords:

NATID, national identity, transferability, Malaysia, ethnic affiliations

Abstract

This paper examines the transferability of the national identity (NATID) framework in a multi-ethnic consumer market. Data were collected using heterogeneous purposive sampling from 403 respondents in Malaysia. This study exert also responds to the cross-cultural validation of measures used in international research whereby the authors assessed measurement invariance of the NATID dimensions construct using Malaysian and non-Malaysian samples. The analysis provided strong support for the factor structure, internal consistency, and discriminant validity on the transferability of the NATID framework on the Malaysian data sample. The result also suggested ethnic affiliations are a relevant unit of analysis and indicates that the relationship between the dimensions of NATID and overall national identity, varied across the three major ethnic groups. With reference to originality, this research is pioneering the adaptive etic approach to elicit inputs and to improve the transferability of the NATID framework.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Balabanis, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Mueller,

D., Melewar, T. C. (2001). The impact of nationalism, patriotism and internationalism on consumer ethnocentric tendencies. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(1), 157-175.

Burton, D. (2000). Ethnicity, identity and marketing: A critical review. Journal of Marketing Management, 16(8), 853-877.

Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1), 64-73.

Clark, T. (1990). International marketing and national character: A review and proposal for an integrative theory. Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 66-79.

Craig, C. S., & Douglas, S. P. (2006). Beyond national culture: Implications of cultural dynamics for consumer research. International Marketing Review, 23(3), 322-342.

Craig, C. S., & Douglas, S. P. (2010). Assessing cross-cultural marketing theory and research: A commentary essay. Journal of Business Research, 64(6), 625-627.

Cui, G. (1997). Marketing strategies in a multiethnic environment. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 5(1), 122-134.

Cui, C. C., & Adams, E. I. (2002). National identity and NATID: An assessment in http://mmj.uum.edu.my/

Holland, J., & Gentry, J. W. (1999). Ethnic consumer reaction to targeted marketing: A theory of intercultural accomodation. Journal of Advertising, 28(1), 65-77.

Horn, J. L., & McArdle, J. J. (1992). A practical and theoretical guide to measurement invariance in aging research, Experimental Aging Research, 18 (Fall-Winter), 117-44.

Hortensius, L. (2012). Project for introduction to multivariate statistics: Measurement invariance.

Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.

Hui, M., Laroche, M., & Kim, C. (2006). Consumption as a function of ethnic identification and acculturation. In Marketing and Multicultural Diversity (pp. 53-72). C. P. Rao (Ed.). Hamsphire: Ashgate.

Jamal, A. (2003). Marketing in the multicultural world: The interplay of marketing, ethnicity and consumption. European Journal of Marketing, 37(11/12), 15991620.

Joreskog, K., & Sorbon, D. (1989). Lisrel VII users guide. Mooresvill: Scientific Software.

Keillor, B. D., & Hult, G. T. M. (1999). A fivecountry study of national identity: Implications for international marketing research and practice. International Marketing Review, 16(1), 65-82. Keillor, B. D., Hult, G. T. M., Erffmeyer, R.

C., & Babakus, E. (1996). NATID: The development and application of a national identity measure for use in international marketing. Journal of International Marketing, 4(2), 57-73.

Malaysia Department of Statistics (2010). Malaysian Department of Statistics. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Meredith, W. (1993). Measurement invariance, factor analysis, and factorial invariance. Psychometrika, 58(4), 525-543. Murrey, J. Y., Goa, G. Y., Kotabe, M., & Nan

Zhou. (2007). Assessing measurement invariance of export market orientation: A study of Chinese and non-Chinese in China. Journal of International Marketing, 15(4), 44-62.

Nwankwo, S., Aiyeku, J., & Ogbuchi, A. (2006). The marketing challenge of multiculturalism: An exploratory study. In C. P. Rao (Ed.), Marketing and multicultural diversity (pp. 215-231). Hamsphire: Ashgate.

Pires, G., & Stanton, J. (2000a). Ethnicity and acculturation in a culturally diverse country: Identifying ethnic markets. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 21(1), 4257.

Pires, G., & Stanton, J. (2000b). Marketing services to ethnic consumers in culturally diverse markets: Issues and implications. Journal of Service Marketing, 14(7), 607-618.

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2007). Research methods for business students. Tottenham Court Road, London: Prentice Hall.

Shimp, T. A., & Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 280-289.

Singh, N., Kwon, I.-W., & Pereira, A. (2003). Cross-cultural consumer socialisation: An exploratory study of socialisation influences across three ethnic groups. Psychology and Marketing, 20(10), 867-881.

Smith, A. D. (1991). National identity. London: Penguin Books.

Steenkamp, J. B. E. M., & Baumgartner, Hans (1998). Assessing measurement invariance in cross-national consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(June), 78-90.

Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(3), 224-237.

Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 1-39.

Thelen, S. T., & Honeycut, E. D. J. (2004). Assessing national identity in Russia between generations using the national identity scale. Journal of International Marketing, 12(2), 58-81.

Vida, I., Dmitrovic, T., & Obadia, C. (2008). The role of ethnic affiliation in consumer ethnocentrism. European Journal of Marketing, 42(3/4), 327-343. http://mmj.uum.edu.my/

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of inter-group conflict. In W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel. The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Co.

Teo, R. (2011, May 3). Strong ringgit to give Malaysians better purchasing power. Borneo Post.

Downloads

Published

01-12-2014

How to Cite

Rizal, H., Gugkang, A. S., Tanakinjal, G. H., & Lada, S. (2014). National Identity (NATID) Framework in Multi-Ethnic Affiliations Consumer Market: The Case of Malaysia. Malaysian Management Journal, 18, 53-67. https://doi.org/10.32890/mmj2014.18.5

Research impact

Harvested 2026-09-07
0 citations recorded so far

Counts differ between services because each indexes a different body of literature. None of them is the whole picture.

Identifiers DOI 10.32890/mmj2014.18.5