Hubungan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran TVET dengan Pembentukan Modal Insan dan Sahsiah Belia dalam Kalangan Pelajar IKTBN Bukit Mertajam (Relationship between TVET Teaching and Learning and Human Capital and Youth Character Development among Students at IKTBN Bukit Mertajam)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini meneliti hubungan antara pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET), pembentukan sahsiah belia dan sokongan terhadap cadangan penambahbaikan program dengan pembentukan modal insan dalam kalangan pelajar Institut Kemahiran Tinggi Belia Negara (IKTBN) Bukit Mertajam. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan keratan rentas. Seramai 150 orang pelajar daripada Jabatan Elektrik (n=61), Mekanikal (n=52) dan Elektronik Industri (n=37) terlibat sebagai responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui soal selidik kendiri dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear berganda. Dapatan menunjukkan hubungan positif dan signifikan antara PdP TVET dengan modal insan (r=0.78, p<.001), sahsiah belia dengan modal insan (r=0.71, p<.001), serta sokongan terhadap cadangan penambahbaikan dengan modal insan (r=.64, p<.001). Model regresi adalah signifikan, F(3,146)=81.28, p<0.001, dan menerangkan 62.5% varians skor modal insan (R²=0.63; R² terlaras=.062). Walau bagaimanapun, hanya PdP TVET memberikan sumbangan unik yang signifikan (β=0.60, p<0.001), manakala sahsiah belia (β=0.15, p=0.124) dan cadangan penambahbaikan (β=.07, p=0.387) tidak signifikan apabila peramal dimasukkan serentak. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa pengalaman PdP yang praktikal, kontekstual dan berorientasikan industri mempunyai hubungan statistik yang paling jelas dengan pembentukan modal insan dalam sampel kajian. Oleh kerana reka bentuk keratan rentas dan penggunaan persepsi kendiri, dapatan tidak boleh ditafsirkan sebagai bukti sebab-akibat.

ABSTRACT

This study examined the relationships between Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) teaching and learning, youth character development, support for programme improvement proposals, and human capital development among students at Institut Kemahiran Tinggi Belia Negara (IKTBN) Bukit Mertajam. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed. The respondents comprised 150 students from the Electrical (n=61), Mechanical (n=52), and Industrial Electronics (n=37) departments. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. The findings showed significant positive relationships between TVET teaching and learning and human capital (r=0.78, p<0.001), youth character and human capital (r=0.71, p<0.001), and support for improvement proposals and human capital (r=0.64, p<0.001). The regression model was significant, F(3,146)=81.28, p<0.001, and explained 62.5% of the variance in human capital scores (R²=0.63; adjusted R²=0.62). However, only TVET teaching and learning made a significant unique contribution (β=0.60, p<0.001), whereas youth character (β=0.15, p=0.124) and improvement proposals (β=0.07, p=0.387) were not significant when the predictors were entered simultaneously. The findings indicate that practical, contextual, and industry-oriented learning experiences had the clearest statistical association with human capital development in this sample. Because the study was cross-sectional and based on self-reported perceptions, the findings should not be interpreted as evidence of causality.