Health Diplomacy and Regional Integration in West Africa: The West African Health Organization’s Experience

Authors

  • Benjamin Uchenna Anaemene Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2013.9.4

Keywords:

Health diplomacy, regional integration, West African Health Organization (WAHO), development, global health, West Africa

Abstract

From the outset the founding fathers of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) recognized the relevance of integration in the social sector based on the conviction that intense cooperation in the economic and political sectors alone will not bring about lasting regional integration. For instance, the ECOWAS treaty of 1975 and revised treaty of 1993 had the promotion of social progress and collaboration in the social field as one of the objectives of the community. Yet scholars have not given it the deserved attention. This paper therefore represents an attempt to assess the extent to which the West African Health Organization (WAHO), a specialized health agency of ECOWAS, has contributed to regional health integration in West Africa. It argues that regional integration and cooperation should not be geared solely towards economic and political purposes. It also examines the achievements as well as the major challenges confronting WAHO. It concludes that regional health integration is no longer an option but an imperative for West African countries to meet their common health challenges.

 

References

Adejo, A. M. (2001). From OAU to AU, new wine in old bottles? African Journal of International Affairs, 4(1 & 2), 119–141.

Adeniran, T. (1982). Introduction to international relations. Ibadan: Macmillan.

Ake, C. (2001). Democracy and development in Africa. Ibadan: Spectrum Books.

Agu, V., Correia, A. N., & Behbehani, K. (2007). Strengthening international health cooperation in africa through regional economic communities. African Journal of Health Sciences, 14(1–4), 104–113.

Asante, S. (1986). The political economy of regionalism in Africa: A decade of the economic community of West African States. New York: Praeger.

Ban, J. (2003). Health as a global security challenge. Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 4, 19–28.

Beigbeder, Y. (1998). The world health organisation. London: Martinus Nijhoff.

Buss, P. M., & Ferreira, J. R. (2010). Health diplomacy and south cooperation: The experiences of UNASUR Salud and CPLP’s strategic plan for cooperation in health. RECIS-R.Eletr.de Com. Inf.Inov.Saude.Rio de Janeiro, 4(1), 99–110. COHRED Partnership to Strengthen Health Research in 15 West Africa Countries. Retrieved from http://COHRED_WAHO_PRESS_RELEASE_EN_FINAL.

Deutsch, K. (1957). Political community and the North Atlantic area. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

ECOWAS Treaty. (1975). Benjamin Uchenna Anaemene

Elbe, S. (2002). HIV/AIDS and the changing landscape of war in Africa. International Security, 27(2), 159–177.

Etzioni, M. (1965). The political unification. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston.

Fauci, A. (2007). Expanding global health agenda: A welcome development. Nat Med, 13, 1169–1171. http://jis.uum.edu.my

Gambari, I. (1991). Political and comparative dimensions of regional integration: The case of ECOWAS. New Jersey: Humanity Press International.

Guy, M. (2002). Africa in world politics: A pan African perspective. Trenton: African World Press.

Haas, E. (1958). The uniting of Europe. London: Stevens.

Hodge, M. (1978). Integration theory. In T. Taylor (Ed.), Approaches and theory in international relations. New York: Longman.

Johnson, J. K., & Keita, N. (2010). The economic community of West African states and the health MDG’s’. Commonwealth Ministers Update. London: Pro Book Publishing Ltd.

Katz, R., & Singer, D. (2007). Health and security in foreign policy. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 85(3), 233–234.

Kickbusch, I., Silberschmidt, G., & Buss, P. (2007). Global health diplomacy: The need for new perspectives, strategic approaches and skills in global health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(3), 230–232.

Leshaba, M. (2009). A critical analysis of Africa’s effort at regional integration. Policy Brief 30. Retrieved from http://www.cps.org.za

Lindberg, L. (1963). The political dynamics of European economic integration. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Muny, M. (1989). The future of ECOWAS. Lagos: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.

Omitola, B., & Peace Jiboku, P. (2009). Regional integration: Challenges and prospects for the African Union. Nigerian Journal of International Affairs, 35(2), 49–72.

Ostergard, R. (2002). Politics in the hot zone: AIDS and the threat to African security. Third World Quarterly, 23(2), 330–350. Health Diplomancy and Regional Integration in West Africa

Price-Smith, A. (2002). The health of nations: Infectious disease, environmental change and their effect on national security and development. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Ratzen, S. (2005). Beyond the Tsunami: Health diplomacy as a response. Journal of Health Diplomacy, 10, 197–198.

Segal, A. (1967). The integration of developing countries: Some thoughts on East Africa and Central America. Journal of Common Market Studies, 5(3), 252–282. http://jis.uum.edu.my

Solana, J. (2006). The health dimension to security. In Anders Mellbourn, A. (Ed.). Health and conflict prevention, (pp. 9–15). Sweden: Gidlunds.

Soumana, S. (2006). Challenges facing Africa’s regional economic communities in capacity building. Zimbabwe: The African Capacity Building Foundation.

Thompson, T. (2005, October 24). The cure of Tyranny. Boston Globe. Retrieved from http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial

United Nations Development Programme. (2008). Human Development Report. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. (2004). Assessing Regional Integration in Africa, ECA Policy Research Report. United States Agency for International Development, The USAID/West Africa Regional Health Program: A Mid-Term Assessment. Retrieved from: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDAC1087.PDF West African Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.wahooas.org/ _____. Retrieved from http://aros.trustafrica.org/ _____. ECOWAS Nutrition Forum Strategic Plan (2005-2007). Retrieved from http://strategicplan

World Health Oganisation. (1969). Resolution WHA22.51. Training of medical personnel and the brain drain’ twenty second world health assembly, Boston Massachussets.

World Bank. (2000). Trade Blocs. A World Bank policy research report. Oxford: University Press.

Youde, J. (2008, March). Health diplomacy as soft power: The PRC and Africa. Paper presented at the International Studies Association Conference. San Francisco USA. Retrieved from http://www.allacademic.com/ http://jis.uum.edu.my

Downloads

Published

29-12-2013

How to Cite

Anaemene, B. U. (2013). Health Diplomacy and Regional Integration in West Africa: The West African Health Organization’s Experience. Journal of International Studies, 9, 59-75. https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2013.9.4