Comparative Assessment of the Role of State, Third Sector and Combined Intervention of State and Third Sector in Intervening Income Inequalities through SHGS.
Abstract
Inequality reduction in general and income inequality reduction in particular has occupied huge efforts/resources of the state since independence in India. Given that more than 300 million people are under poverty line in India today and the sheer deprivation that they face, evaluation of inequality reduction methods in India assume greater significance. In the above context, the present paper is an attempt to understand the effectiveness of income inequality reduction methods by the state, third sector and the combined intervention of the state and third sector. For this purpose four villages in the Gulbarga district of Karnataka were chosen to assess the relative effectiveness of the interventions by state, third sector and the combined interventions of state and third sector.
The results of the study show that, Combined intervention of the State and Third Sector on Income inequalities through SHGs is distinctly better in providing regular employment to employed people than other types of intervention. Combined intervention of State and Third Sector in Income inequalities is distinctly better both in empowering people with higher incomes and discouraging people from borrowing money from money lenders at very high interest rates. It could also be concluded that combined intervention of State and Third Sector provides better terms of borrowing than State intervention alone or Third Sector intervention alone. Earning and saving patters are much better in combined intervention of State and Third Sector than other interventions.
Downloads
References
Elizabeth, A. S. (1999). What is the point of equality? Ethics, January 1999, 287-337.
Atkinson, A. B. (1983). Social justice and public policy. Brighton: Wheatsheaf and Cambridge, mass. MIT press.
Beteille, A. (1969). Social inequality harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Neera, C. (1995). State and civil society: exploration in political theory. New
Delhi, Sage Publications.
Sudipta, K. (2001). In search of civil society. In Sudipta K. & Sunil K. (eds), civil society: history and possibilities, pp. 298-323. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pess.
Rajni, K. (1988). The state against democracy: in search of humane governance. Delhi, Ajanta Publications.
Panikar, P.G.K., & Soman, C.R. (1984). Health Status of Kerala (Trivandrum: Centre for Development Studies).
Catherine, R. E., & Chia-ling, W. (1995). The times between education & health. American Sociological Review, 60(5),719-745.
Sen, A. K. (1973). On economic inequality. Oxford: Clarendon press and New York: Norton)
Sen, A. K. (1980). Equality of what? In Macmillan (1980). (Repr. In sen 1982a and in Rawls et al. 1987).
Sen, A.K. (1983). Development: which way now. Economic Journal, 93. Sen, A.K. (1983). Poor, relatively speaking. Oxford Economic Papers, 35.
Abhijith, S., & Himanshu (2005). Poverty and inequality in India: getting closer to the truth. Reprinted in Angus Deaton and Valerie Kozel (eds). Data and dogma: the great Indian poverty debate. Macmillan, New Delhi, 306-370 (Available at www.networkideas.org.).
Sreedhara T.N., & Byra R.V.J. (2003). Institutional governance and third sector development in India. Southern Economist, 44, November 15.
Sreedhara T.N., & Rajarama, T. (2003). Third Sector in India. Monograph, TSRGI, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore.
Srinivasan, T.N. (1981). Malnutrition: some measurement and policy issues. Journal of Development Economics, 8.
Stewart, F. (1985). Planning to meet basic needs, Macmillan London.
Sundaram, K., & Tendulkar, S.D. (2003). Poverty in India in the 1990s: Revised results for all-India and 15 major states for 1993-94. Economic and Political Weekly, 15-22 November: 4865-4872.
Rajesh, T., & Mohanty, R. (eds). (2003). Does civil society matter? Governance in contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
UNDP, (1990). The human development report 1990, New York: United Nations development Program).
UNDP, (1991). The human development report 1991, New York: United Nations development Program.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Disclaimer
Global Business Management Review (GBMR) has taken all reasonable measures to ensure that material contained in this website is the original work of the author(s). However, the Journal gives no warranty and accepts no responsibility for the accuracy or the completeness of the material; no reliance should be made by any user on the material. The user should check with the authors for confirmation.
Articles published in the Global Business Management Review (GBMR) do not represent the views held by the editors and members of the editorial board. Authors are responsible for all aspects of their articles except the editorial screen design.
Submission of an article is done with the understanding that the article has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication somewhere else; that if and when the article is accepted for publication, the author's consent to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
