Masyarakat Cina Semasa Pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu:  Memori, Catuan Makanan dan Kelangsungan Hidup, 1941-1945.

(Chinese Community during the Japanese Occupation in Malaya: A Memory, Food Rationing and Life Survival, 1941-1945.)

Authors

  • Lai Yan Lin Bahagian Sejarah, Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32890/ahjmm2026.4.24

Keywords:

Pendudukan Jepun, Tanah Melayu, Masyarakat Cina, Memori, Naratif

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Makalah ini memerihalkan memori dan naratif masyarakat Cina yang pernah mengalami pengalaman ketika  zaman pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu. Memori ini diperoleh melalui kaedah keterangan lisan. Antara penelitian merangkumi aspek pengalaman sendiri, kehidupan harian dan catuan makanan ketika zaman pendudukan Jepun. Naratif kehidupan masyarakat Cina ketika zaman pendudukan Jepun kurang diberikan perhatian berbanding dengan komuniti lain. Pengalaman informan yang ditemubual akan dijadikan data kajian utama memandangkan ia dapat memberikan dimensi baharu. Wawancara tersebut akan dibuat semak silang dengan dokumen rasmi British. Bukan itu sahaja, isu tahap kesihatan yang dipilih sebagai salah satu fokus kajian turut mengisi kelompongan kajian sejarah mengenai kesihatan terutamanya yang melibatkan masyarakat Cina. Objektif makalah ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesengsaraan hidup masyarakat Cina ketika pendudukan Jepun dan meneliti bagaimana mereka menghadapi keadaan kritikal tersebut. Perbincangan dalam kajian ini berfokus kepada kaedah penyelidikan kepustakaan termasuk fail dari Arkib Negara Malaysia, pejabat kolonial dan sumber sekunder serta wawancara bersama informan terpilih berbangsa Cina. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa pengalaman penderitaan dan trauma yang dialami oleh masyarakat Cina ketika zaman pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu adalah aspek penting dalam membentuk naratif pensejarahan di Malaysia.

ABSTRACT

This article describes the memories and narratives of the Chinese community who experienced the Japanese occupation in Malaya. Oral testimonies gathered those memories. This study also focuses on personal experience, daily life, and food rationing during the Japanese occupation. The narratives of the Chinese community’s life during the Japanese occupation received less attention than those of other communities. The main research data will rely on the experiences of the interviewed informants, as they offer a fresh perspective. The facts provided by the interviewees will be cross-verified with the official British documents. Not only that, but the issue of health status which was chosen as one of the study’s focuses also fills the gap in historical research on health, especially involving the Chinese community. The objective of this paper is to study the misery of the Chinese community during the Japanese occupation and examine how they coped with this critical situation. The discussion in this research focuses on library research methods, including files from the National Archives of Malaysia and Colonial Offices and secondary sources, as well as interviews with selected Chinese informants. The result of the study found that the experiences of suffering and trauma experienced by the Chinese community during the Japanese occupation of Malaya are important aspects in shaping the historical narrative in Malaysia.

References

Abdul Majid, M. (2021). Disease bearing insect research in Malaya by Japanese scientists during World War II and its position in international law. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 6(26), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJLGC.626007

Akashi, Y. (1970). Japanese policy towards the Malayan Chinese, 1941–1945. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 1(2), 61–89.

Cheah, B. K. (1983). Red star over Malaya: Resistance and social conflict during and after the Japanese occupation of Malaya, 1941–1946. Singapore University Press.

Chin, K. O. (1946). Malaya upside down. Jitts. CO 273/581/2 Japanese Interest in Malaya. CO 273/673/1 Conditions in enemy-occupied Malaya. CO 273/673/2 Conditions in enemy-occupied Malaya. CO 273/669/1 War with Japan: Conditions in enemy-occupied Malayan territory. CO 273/669/9 Estimates for 1942. CO 273/669/10 Association of British Malaya, narrative on civil defence of Malaya. CO 537/2176 Malay States. Review of Malaya’s war effort. CO 825/45, Part 9 Propaganda in Far East: Distribution of Malayan Leaflets.

Danaraj, T. J. (1990). Japanese invasion of Malaya & Singapore: Memoirs of a doctor. T. J. Danaraj.

Ho, H. L. (2009). Zaman pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu, 1941–1945: Penentangan orang Cina melalui Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA). Malaysia dari Segi Sejarah, 37, 109–125. INTELLIGENCE 506/10 Report on Malaya Prior to Japanese Occupation. INTELLIGENCE 506/30 Appreciation of the Economic Position of Malaya under the Japanese.

Kratoska, P. H. (1988). The post-1945 food shortage in British Malaya. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 19(1), 27–47.

Kratoska, P. H. (1998). The Japanese occupation of Malaya: A social and economic history. University of Hawai‘i Press.

Kratoska, P. H. (2015). Selangor and Perak in 1942 (皇紀 2602): Japan’s occupation of Malaya begins. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 88(1), 59–78.

Lee, W. K. (2025). Operasi Sook Ching dan kekejaman tentera Jepun terhadap masyarakat Cina di Johor pada zaman pendudukan Jepun. MINDEN Journal of History and Archaeology, 2(2), 53–70. M.G. Division General GEN/51 Sitreps. Situation Reports Received from Malay Peninsula Division. MAL/4025 Malay Peninsula Division Military Government Municipalities and Town Boards-Supplies.

Mohamed Ali Haniffa. (2022). Hubungan Melayu-Cina selepas pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu (1945–1955): Konflik dan kompromi. UUM Press.

Mohamed Ali Haniffa. (2025). Rundingan Baling 1955 dan kesannya ke atas usaha kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu. Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies, 52(2), 208–232. https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2025.5202.03 Semangat Asia. Bil 6 Rokugatsu 2603.

Wan Nurjanatul Za’imah, Wan Mohamad Khairuddin Azaki, & Hussain, N. (2024). Sejarah perkembangan sektor penanaman padi di Perlis, 1930–1950: Perbandingan antara era penjajahan British dengan era pendudukan Jepun. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 12(1), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.17576/jatma-2024-1201-05

Wang, G. (2000). World War II in Asia. In P. P. H. Lim & D. Wong (Eds.), War and memory in Malaysia and Singapore (pp. 11–19). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Wawancara dengan Kam Mooi di Lot 7063, Taman Civil, 35500, Bidor, Perak, 15 Jun 2023. (Kam Mooi dilahirkan pada 11 Januari 1938 yang merupakan salah satu penduduk tempatan yang pernah mengalami Sook Ching di kawasan perkampungan beliau. Kezaliman tentera Jepun pernah dialami oleh beliau semasa tentera Jepun ingin menangkap ibu beliau dan ibunya terpaksa menyembunyikan diri daripada tentera Jepun.)

Wawancara dengan Chiew See di Pasar Awam Bidor, 35500, Bidor, Perak, 17 Jun 2023. (Chiew See dilahirkan pada 06 Mei 1934 di Tapah, Perak yang pernah mengalami zaman pendudukan. Jepun dan zaman komunis di Tanah Melayu. Ayah beliau berkhidmat dan merupakan tukang masak kepada tentera Jepun semasa zaman pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu khususnya di kawasan Tapah.)

Wawancara dengan Leow Tong Choy dan Khong Fook Yin di L9, Kampung Baru, 35500, Bidor, Perak, 17 Jun 2023. (Leong Tong Choy dilahirkan pada 06 Januari 1935 di Bidor manakala Khong Fook Yin dilahirkan pada 08 Jun 1937 di Ulu Bernam. Pasangan suami isteri ini pernah mengalami zaman pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu semasa tentera Jepun datang pada tahun 1941. Peristiwa hitam iaitu ditampar oleh tentera Jepun yang pernah dirasai oleh Khong Fook Yin masih diingati sampai masa kini.)

Wawancara dengan Heng Yew Heok di No.21, Persiaran Gemilang 3, Taman Gemilang, 35500, Bidor, Perak, 29 Jun 2023. (Heng Yew Heok berusia 86 tahun yang merupakan penduduk tempatan di Pulau Pinang dan pernah merasai dan mengalami zaman pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu.)

Yeo, S. N., & Ng, S. A. (2000). The Japanese occupation as reflected in Singapore-Malaysian Chinese literary works after the Japanese occupation (1945–49). In P. P. H. Lim & D. Wong (Eds.), War and memory in Malaysia and Singapore (pp. 106–119). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Downloads

Published

31-07-2026

How to Cite

Lai Yan Lin. (2026). Masyarakat Cina Semasa Pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu:  Memori, Catuan Makanan dan Kelangsungan Hidup, 1941-1945.: (Chinese Community during the Japanese Occupation in Malaya: A Memory, Food Rationing and Life Survival, 1941-1945.). Applied History Journal of Merong Mahawangsa, 4, 415-433. https://doi.org/10.32890/ahjmm2026.4.24

Research impact

Harvested 2026-09-12
0 citations recorded so far

Counts differ between services because each indexes a different body of literature. None of them is the whole picture.

Identifiers DOI 10.32890/ahjmm2026.4.24 OpenAlex W7208724266 Semantic Scholar CorpusID 291818726