Kepelbagaian Definisi dan Penggunaan Senjata Menurut Perspektif Undangâ­undang di Malaysia

Authors

  • Nor Anita Abdullah School of Law, College of Law, Government and International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2019.10.1.8

Keywords:

Senjata konvensional, Senjata bukan konvensional, Senjata pemusnah besar-besaran

Abstract

Pistol, senjata api, pisau, grenad, peluru berpandu, rifel adalah antara bentuk senjata fizikal yang mungkin dikenali orang ramai. Meskipun begitu, perkembangan dalam bidang sains dan teknologi serta pertumbuhan yang luar biasa dalam pembangunan manusia telah membawa kepada kemajuan pengetahuan yang meluas dan lebih baik dalam kalangan pakar untuk menghasilkan senjata moden yang lebih berkesan pada masa akan datang. Pada masa kini, senjata fizikal tidak lagi dieksploitasi untuk mengakibatkan kemusnahan dan kerosakan. Sebaliknya, bahan kimia, biologi, radiologi dan letupan nuklear (CBRNE) digunakan untuk tujuan mewujudkan ketakutan yang maksimum, kematian dan kemusnahan orang ramai dan masyarakat. Pada masa yang sama, persepsi orang ramai terhadap senjata juga akan berubah sekiranya mereka memiliki pengetahuan tentang pelbagai senjata dan cara-cara penggunaannya. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan mendefinisikan senjata yang berbentuk konvensional dan bukan konvensional melalui cara penggunaannya dengan merujuk kepada statut-statut yang relevan dan sedia ada di Malaysia. Terdapat juga usaha untuk membincangkan berbagai-bagai jenis senjata melalui kepelbagaian penggunaannya bagi setiap jenis senjata.

References

Abdul Majid, M., & Abdullah, N. A. (2015). An ethical code of conduct for the non-proliferation of biological agents among Malaysian businesses. International Symposium on Technology Management and Emerging Technologies (ISTMET). Ogos. 25–27, Langkawi, Kedah. Malaysia.

Abdul Majid, M., & Abdullah, N. A., Mohd Noor, S. N. & Gan, C. K. (2016). The principle of integration in international sustainable development law (isdl) with reference to the biological weapons convention (bwc, Journal of Sustainability MDPI, 8, 166; doi:10.3390/su8020166.

Abdullah, N. A., & Abdul Rahim, R. (2012). Penyakit berjangkit: Isu kesihatan awam dalam aspek sekuriti, Jurnal Kanun, 24 Kanun (2), Disember.

Abdullah, N. A. & Abdul Rahim, R. (2012). Weapons variety: Legal and public health perspectives. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on International Studies Managing National and Regional Transformation & Its Global Challenges anjuran Pusat Pengajian Pengajian Antarabangsa. Universiti Utara Malaysia. Hotel Impiana. Kuala Lumpur. UUMJLS 10(1) Jan 2019 (161-184)

Abdullah, N. A. (2013). Ancaman bioterorisme terhadap kesihatan awam dan sekuriti di Malaysia: Satu kajian sosioperundangan ( Tesis Doktor Falsafah). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Akta Bahan Letupan 1957. Akta Bahan-bahan Kakisan dan Senjata Berbahaya 1958. Akta Keselamatan Dalam Negeri 1960. Akta Konvensyen Senjata Kimia 2005. Akta Perdagangan Strategik 2010. Akta Senjata 1960 (Akta 206) Akta Senjata Api (Penalti Lebih Berat) 1971 (Akta 37)

Beck, C. J., & Miner, E. (2013). Who gets designated a terrorist and why? Social Forces, 91(3). pp. 837–872. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23361123.

Bowman, S. (2002). Weapon of mass destruction: The terrorist threat. CRS Report for Congress, The Library of Congress.

Carus, W. S. (2012). Defining weapons of mass destruction. National Defense University, Washington. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Amerika Syarikat. Retrieved from http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/ agentlist-category.asp#c

Cohen, M. (2007). Bioterrorism in the context of infectious diseases. In Lashley, F. R & Durham, J.D. (Eds.), Emerging infectious diseases: Trends and issues. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Duncan, A. (2005). A history of biological weapons, black death & yellow rain, dlm R J Mathews (pnyt), Proceedings of the Biological Weapons Convention Regional Workshop. Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law. Melbourne University Law School. Defense against Weapons of Mass Destruction Act 1996 (Public Law 104–201).

Dennis, D. T. (2001). Tularemia as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management. Journal of American Medical Association, 285(21) (2763–2774), hlm. 2763–2764. http://bioterrorism.slu.edu/bt/news/jama_tularemia.pdf

Falk, R. A., & Krieger, D. (2015). Nuclear weapons and international law. Path to Zero. Routledge. 141–162.

Faruqi, S. S. (2006). Islam, international law and the war against terrorism. Shah Alam: University Publication Centre (UPENA) UiTM.

Henderson, D. A. (1999). Smallpox as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management. Journal of American Medical Association, 281(22), 2127–2135. UUMJLS 10(1) Jan 2019 (161-184)

Horowitz, M. C., & Narang, N. (2014). Poor man’s atomic bomb? Exploring the relationship between weapons of mass destruction. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 58(3). 509–535.

Kaiser, D. (2015). History: From blackboards to bombs. Nature News. 523.7562. 523.

Lombardo, J. S., & Buckeridge, D.L. (pnyt.). (2007). Disease surveillance: A public health informatics approach. USA: John Wiley & Sons.

Martin, B. E. (2016). Weapons of mass destruction: Nuclear terrorism and nuclear proliferation. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 8(2), 17–23.

Mishra, D. K. (2016). Bioterrorism from a public health perspective. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 8(2), pp. 24–30.

Mohd Ariff, M. R., Sharir, M., Ali, I., Majid, M., & Hussin, H. (2011). Perkembangan perusahaan perikanan di Semenanjung Malaysia: Isu dan persoalan. Jati, 6, 265–299. O’Day, A (pnyt). (2004). Weapons of mass destruction and terrorism. USA: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Ong, K. (2016). Nuclear terrorism: Assessing the threat from north korea. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 8(2), 11–16.

Sidhu, B. S. (2007). Potential impact of the changes in the Malaysian Penal Code. Malayan Law Journal Article, 2, xcvii.

Sutton, V., & Bromley, D. A. (2005). Understanding technologies of terror. Technology in Society xx (xxxx) 1–23.

Ustun, C., & Ozgurler, O. (2005). Ebola: A significant threat as an infectious disease, and as a potential bioterrorism agent. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 35, 1–4.

Downloads

Published

24-12-2018

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019): UUM Journal of Legal Studies (UUMJLS) Vol. 10(1), January 2019

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Abdullah, N. A. (2018). Kepelbagaian Definisi dan Penggunaan Senjata Menurut Perspektif Undangâ­undang di Malaysia. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 10(1), 161-184. https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2019.10.1.8

Research impact

Harvested 2026-09-04
0 citations recorded so far

Counts differ between services because each indexes a different body of literature. None of them is the whole picture.

Identifiers DOI 10.32890/uumjls2019.10.1.8

Most read articles by the same author(s)