Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial (JPS) is a refereed, open access journal published biannually (in July and December) by UUM Press for the School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, UUM College of Arts and Sciences. The primary objective of JPS is to serve as a platform for the dissemination of scholarly work based on empirical research, original theoretical insights, and comparative studies across all areas of social and human development studies and related disciplines. The journal is freely accessible online, and the full-text electronic version can be obtained at http://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jps
TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL DALAM PENILAIAN PEMBELAJARAN: PERSEPSI PENGAJAR DAN PELATIH TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PEPERIKSAAN DALAM TALIAN DI INTITUSI KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA
Pandemik COVID-19 telah mendorong institut pengajian mengaplikasi peperiksaan dalam talian (PDT) sebagai bentuk penilaian yang penting. Transformasi ini telah membawa cabaran besar kepada pelajar dan pemeriksa dari segi integriti akademik, isu teknikal, dan tahap keselesaan. Kertas kajian ini menganalisis persepsi pengajar dan pelatih Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (ILKKM) terhadap PDT. Kajian ini dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik secara dalam talian yang diedarkan kepada 451 pengajar dan 4002 pelatih di ILKKM. Dapatan mendapati bahawa responden dari kumpulan pengajar menunjukkan perspesi yang positif dan negatif terhadap aplikasi peperiksaan dalam talian (PDT). Ramai pengajar memberi respon positif bahawa PDT sesuai untuk menguji kefahaman calon, menjimatkan masa, tenaga, dan kos. Walau bagaimanapun, para pengajar mempamerkan kebimbangan dengan memberi respon positif terhadap keadilan kepada semua calon, keselamatan peperiksaan, dan isu teknikal. Persepsi pelatih terhadap PDT secara keseluruhannya adalah positif. Mereka bersetuju bahawa PDT sesuai untuk semua subjek, memudahkan penilaian yang tepat, dan memberi mereka peluang untuk fokus dan merasa kurang stres semasa menjawab soalan. Pelatih juga memberi penekanan positif terhadap kebolehpercayaan teknologi yang digunakan dalam PDT dan keselamatan peperiksaan. Kesimpulannya, PDT memberi pelbagai manfaat kepada pelatih dan pengajar di ILKKM, walaupun cabaran teknikal dan integriti masih perlu diatasi. Oleh itu, langkah-langkah penambahbaikan perlu diambil untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan dan kebolehpercayaan peperiksaan dalam talian di masa akan datang. ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted educational institutions to implement online examinations (PDT) as a crucial form of assessment. This transformation has brought significant challenges to students and examiners in terms of academic integrity, technical issues, and comfort levels. This paper analyzes the perceptions of instructors and trainees at the Ministry of Health Malaysia Training Institute (ILKKM) regarding PDT. The study was conducted quantitatively using online survey forms distributed to 451 instructors and 4002 trainees at ILKKM. The results indicate that respondents in the instructor group demonstrated both positive and negative perceptions toward online examination applications. Many instructors responded positively that PDT is suitable for testing candidates' understanding, saving time, energy, and costs. However, instructors also expressed concerns by positively responding to fairness for all candidates, examination security, and technical issues. Trainees' overall perception of PDT is positive. They agree that PDT is suitable for all subjects, facilitates accurate assessment, and provides them with the opportunity to focus and feel less stressed while answering questions. Trainees also emphasize the positive reliability of the technology used in PDT and examination security. In conclusion, PDT offers various benefits to trainees and instructors at ILKKM, although technical challenges and integrity issues still need to be addressed. Therefore, improvement measures need to be taken to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of online examinations in the future. Keywords: Online examination, perception, instructors, trainees.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASSESSMENTS FOR CLINICIANS AS CLIENTS: FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGIST (INTERN) S’ DILEMMA
Forensic psychology interns often encounter clinicians-clients. These being health-care professionals needing forensic assessment during their treatment process. The clinicians as clients often exhibit elevated clinical insight, self-awareness, thereby, forming a unique psychological predicament, which can unsettle forensic psychology interns, thereby, compromising their professional objectivity. This qualitative research investigated precise ethical challenges professional dilemmas faced by four forensic psychologist (interns) in conducting readiness for release risk assessments, competency evaluations, family reintegration suitability among clinicians as clients within a private drug rehabilitation centre, in Harare, Zimbabwe. Data was collected using focus group discussion and semi-structured interviews. Thematic Analysis was used for analysis. Findings found four primary challenges: compassion fatigue, problems in forming therapeutic alliance, heightened confidentiality threats and complex power imbalances. The expert on expert dynamic was proved to present blurred professional boundaries, hence, complicating the forensic psychologist (intern) s' evaluative role. The study shows a critical gap in forensic psychology internship, where the dual-status of the client being a clinician professionally, creates unique stressors. Future studies could focus on developing specialised supervision support systems, which are forensic, based, for forensic psychologists (interns). Addressing these challenges is crucial for enhancing the competency and performance of emerging forensic psychologists.
MENGENALPASTI ISU-ISU DALAM USAHA MENTRANSFORMASI SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI NEGERI TERENGGANU (Identifying Issues in the Efforts to Transform the Agricultural Sector in Terengganu State)
Dasar Agro makanan Negara 2021-2030 telah dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan dan agensi-agensi pertanian dalam memastikan sektor ini dapat memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi, meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat serta mengutamakan sekuriti makanan dan nutrisi. Melalui Jabatan Pertanian, wujud program-program dan bantuan sokongan untuk para petani mendapatkan maklumat bagi meluaskan dan mengembangkan hasil pertanian mereka. Walaubagaimana pun, setiap usaha yang dilakukan oleh pelbagai agensi berdepan dengan isu yang membabitkan kelemahan peranan kedua belah pihak, iaitu petani dan agensi pertanian yang terlibat. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada aspek keberkesanan dan isu yang dihadapi agensi dalam sektor pertanian, khususnya di negeri Terengganu. Ianya memfokuskan kepada enam dimensi yang dikemukakan Boettiger et. al (2017) iaitu i) strategi dan komunikasi, ii) pemasaran, iii) agen perubahan, iv) penentuan skala, v) perubahan mindset, dan vi) polisi yang fleksibel. Kajian dilakukan melibatkan seramai 18 orang responden dari lapan buah daerah yang dipilih dari agensi, petani atau peladang dan dua orang dipilih mewakili kerajaan. Dapatan kajian memberikan gambaran tentang kepentingan meningkatkan strategi komunikasi dua hala, meningkatkan strategi pemasaran dan juga pengukuhan agensi sebagai agen perubahan. Kata kunci: Agensi pertanian, transformasi, enam dimensi, metodologi, kualitatif. ABSTRACT The National Agro-Food Policy 2021–2030 has been implemented by the government and agricultural agencies to drive economic growth, improve public well-being, and prioritize food and nutritional security. Through the Department of Agriculture, various programs and support mechanisms have been introduced to provide farmers with access to information aimed at expanding and enhancing their agricultural outputs. However, efforts by these agencies continue to face challenges stemming from weaknesses on both sides—namely, the farmers and the agricultural agencies involved. This study focuses on the effectiveness and challenges faced by agricultural agencies, particularly in the state of Terengganu. It emphasizes six dimensions proposed by Boettiger et. al (2017): (i) strategy and communication, (ii) marketing, (iii) change agents, (iv) scale determination, (v) mindset change, and (vi) flexible policies. A total of 18 respondents from eight selected districts were involved in this study, comprising representatives from agencies, farmers or cultivators, and two individuals representing the government. The findings of the study provide insights into the importance of enhancing two-way communication strategies, improving marketing strategies, and strengthening the role of agencies as agents of change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial
INTERVENSI KAUNSELING DALAM MENANGANI ISU TINGKAH LAKU SEKSUAL DALAM KALANGAN REMAJA (Counseling Interventions in Addressing Sexual Behavior Issues among Adolescents)
Masalah tingkah laku seksual dalam kalangan remaja adalah isu yang semakin membimbangkan di mana ia mempengaruhi kesejahteraan mental dan fizikal serta masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Intervensi kaunseling memainkan peranan penting dalam menangani isu ini dengan menyediakan sokongan psikososial dan pendidikan yang diperlukan untuk mengubah tingkah laku seksual yang berisiko. Program intervensi kaunseling yang efektif tidak hanya memberikan maklumat mengenai risiko dan tanggungjawab seksual, tetapi juga menawarkan sokongan emosi yang diperlukan untuk membuat perubahan yang berterusan. Pendekatan yang melibatkan remaja secara aktif melalui perbincangan interaktif dan latihan praktikal membantu mereka memahami dan mengatasi tekanan sosial yang mendorong tingkah laku seksual berisiko. Berdasarkan kajian-kajian lepas, matlamat artikel ini adalah untuk berkongsi maklumat berkaitan senario yang berlaku dalam kalangan remaja pada masa kini. Perbincangan ini juga akan menumpukan dapatan kajian lepas berkaitan dengan tingkah laku seksual dalam kalangan remaja di samping berkongsi pandangan yang merangkumi isu – isu semasa intervensi kaunseling yang melibatkan golongan remaja bagi menangani isu seksualiti ini. Kata kunci: Tingkah laku seksual, remaja, intervensi kaunseling. ABSTRACT Sexual behavior problems among adolescents are an increasingly concerning issue, as they impact both mental and physical well-being as well as society as a whole. Counseling interventions play a vital role in addressing this issue by providing the necessary psychosocial and educational support to change the risk of sexual behavior. Effective counseling intervention programs not only provide information about sexual risks and responsibilities but also offer the emotional support needed to make lasting changes. Approaches that actively engage adolescents through interactive discussions and practical training help them understand and overcome the social pressures that lead to risky sexual behaviors. Based on previous studies, the aim of this article is to share information regarding the current scenarios faced by adolescents. This discussion will also focus on past research findings related to adolescent sexual behavior while offering insights into current issues surrounding counseling interventions targeted at adolescents to address matters of sexuality.
STRENGTHENING BONDS: HOW COMMUNICATION ENHANCES MARITAL QUALITY
Marriage involves great responsibility and demands mutual understanding and sacrifice between partners. In the pursuit of happiness, challenges and conflicts—particularly in communication—are inevitable. Since communication skills are among the key factors influencing marital quality, this study aimed to explore the relationship between marital quality and communication among young couples in the early phase of marriage (1 to 10 years). A total of 120 participants who had been married for 1 to 10 years volunteered to participate in this study. The instruments used were the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) and the ENRICH Communication Scale (ECS). Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the latest version of SPSS. A Spearman’s rho correlation analysis revealed a weak but statistically significant positive relationship between communication and marital quality. Additionally, the study examined the influence of gender on both variables. Mann-Whitney U tests showed no statistically significant differences between male and female participants in either marital quality or communication. However, a Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed a significant difference in marital quality across different education levels, indicating that educational background may influence marital satisfaction. The results of this study indicate that communication is positively associated with marital quality among couples in the early phase of marriage. These findings also suggest that gender does not significantly influence marital satisfaction or communication. Therefore, future research should explore other contributing factors such as communication styles, emotional intimacy, and duration of marriage. Additionally, examining the role of gender, marital dynamics, and psychological well-being may provide a deeper understanding of how communication patterns impact marital quality.
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AMONG TRANSGENDER ADULT: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA
The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern. Knowledge is a protective factor for the spread of HIV. However, there remains a lack of research exploring sociodemographic determinants of HIV knowledge among transgender adults. The objective of this study is to examine the influences of demographic factors on HIV-related knowledge based on a dataset of transgender adults. Cross-sectional data derived from the Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey (IBBS) 2017 (n = 888) were utilised. HIV-related knowledge was used as the outcome variable comprising three categories: poor, moderate and high knowledge. The independent impacts of age, income categories, education levels, ethnic groups and employment status on levels of HIV-related knowledge were assessed using ordered probit regression. Findings from this study revealed that a large proportion of transgender adults possessed high knowledge about HIV. Older transgender adults were more probable to possess high knowledge related to HIV compared to younger ones. The likelihood of acquiring poor knowledge surrounding HIV was lower in transgender adults earning incomes of Ringgit Malaysia (RM) ≥2000 per month compared to those making less than RM 499. Transgender adults had a higher likelihood of possessing high knowledge about HIV if they attained a tertiary academic qualification. Age, income and education are seen as key contributing factors of HIV-related knowledge in the transgender adult population. Particularly, transgender adults having poor HIV-related knowledge tend to be in younger age groups, be low-income earners and have a low educational background. Intervention measures aimed at safeguarding people from transmitting HIV should therefore pay special attention to transgender people’s demographic traits. The suggested policies include use of social apps to disseminate HIV-related information, improving accessibility of educational resources in low-income transgender people, and advertising the risk of HIV in the mass media.
FAKTOR DAN CABARAN DALAM MENANGANI MASALAH SOSIAL DALAM KALANGAN REMAJA DI KAWASAN PROGRAM PERUMAHAN RAKYAT (PPR): KAJIAN KES DI LEMBAH SUBANG 1 DAN 2 (Factors and Challenges in Addressing Social Problems among Adolescents in the Public Housing Program (PPR) Area: Case Study in Subang Valley 1 and 2)
Masalah sosial sering dikaitkan dengan kemiskinan, jenayah dan fenomena sosiobudaya yang menghalang masyarakat daripada mengecapi potensi maksima mereka. Artikel ini membincangkan tentang faktor dan cabaran dalam menangani masalah sosial dalam kalangan remaja di Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) di Lembah Subang 1 dan Lembah Subang 2. Seramai 250 orang responden terlibat dalam kajian ini dengan menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif iaitu melalui pengedaran soal selidik. Analisis data menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) melalui ujian deskriptif. Secara keseluruhannya, penemuan kajian ini mendapati bahawa terdapat pelbagai faktor yang mendorong remaja mengalami masalah sosial seperti faktor kewangan, faktor persekitaran, faktor diri sendiri dan juga faktor keluarga. Selain itu, dari aspek cabaran yang dihadapi oleh ibu bapa dalam menangani gejala sosial ini adalah seperti kurangnya pengawasan daripada ibu bapa, anak yang sering memberontak, masalah ekonomi yang dihadapi, perbezaan budaya dan nilai serta pergaulan ibu bapa dan anak yang semakin terhad. Berdasarkan dapatan kajian ini, beberapa langkah yang relevan seperti memperkasakan penguatkuasaan undang-undang, melakukan kempen-kempen kesedaran dan keperluan ibu bapa meluangkan lebih banyak masa bersama anak-anak. Kata Kunci: Faktor, cabaran, strategi, PPR, masalah sosial remaja. ABSTRACT Social problems are often associated with poverty, crime, and sociocultural phenomena that hinder communities from reaching their full potential. This article discusses the factors and challenges in addressing social issues among adolescents living in the Public Housing Program (PPR) in Lembah Subang 1 and 2. A total of 250 respondents participated in this study, which employed a quantitative method through the distribution of questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) through descriptive testing. Overall, the findings indicate that various factors contribute to adolescents experiencing social problems, including financial constraints, environmental influences, personal factors, and family-related issues. In addition, challenges faced by parents in addressing these social issues include lack of parental supervision, rebellious behavior among children, economic difficulties, cultural and value differences, as well as increasingly limited parent-child interactions. Based on the findings, several relevant measures are recommended, such as strengthening law enforcement, conducting awareness campaigns, and encouraging parents to spend more quality time with their children.
PARADOX OF ARABIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON DARFUR, SUDAN
This paper delves into the intricate dynamics of Sudan's Arabization and Islamization policies and their profound implications for the Darfur region, offering insights into the roots of Arab ethnic supremacy and its troubling manifestation in ethnic cleansing. Through the lens of social categorization theories, our objective is to unravel the complexities of post-British Sudanese identity politics and its intersection with the tragedy unfolding in Darfur. Employing a qualitative methodology, we draw upon a rich tapestry of secondary sources and qualitative data gleaned from interviews with Sudanese and Darfuri residents. Adhering to stringent ethical standards, we safeguard participant anonymity and ensure the integrity of our data. The findings reveal the poignant paradox of the 'Black Arab who is anti-Black,' shedding light on the intricate interplay of race, identity, and power dynamics within Sudan's complex social fabric. The findings foster a deeper understanding of the injustices perpetuated in Darfur, advocating for reconciliation, social justice, and enduring peace in Sudan.
MODEL KESIHATAN MENTAL REMAJA LUAR BANDAR DI MALAYSIA
Di Malaysia, remaja merupakan kelompok yang sering dikaitkan dengan isu kesihatan mental akibat kurang daya tindak dan terdedah dengan tekanan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membina model khusus kepada kesihatan mental remaja, dan ianya berfokus kepada remaja luar bandar. Jika kita lihat, isu remaja di luar bandar menjadi satu agenda penting pembangunan negara kerana mereka sering dikaitkan dengan penglibatan dengan gejala-gejala negatif yang sering menjadi perhatian pihak kerajaan Malaysia. Kajian ini telah melibatkan 385 orang remaja luar bandar daripada Zon Utara Semenanjung Malaysia yang secara sukarela dan mereka telah dipilih menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan. Dalam kajian ini, empat alat ukur yang releven dengan isu kesihatan mental remaja telah digunakan iaitu, Skala Kesejahteraan Psikologi oleh Ryff dan Keyes (1995), Skala COPE oleh Carver (1997), Inventori Emosi Bar-On oleh Bar-On (1997) dan Skala Ketara Sedar oleh Brown dan Bryan (2003). Melalui item-item daripada alat ukur ini, pengkaji telah membentuk pelbagai dimensi model menggunakan keadah analisis faktor (exploratory factor analysis). Setelah itu, pengesahan dan kesepadanan data yang diperolehi diukur menggunakan confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) bagi membentuk satu model pengukuran. Berdasarkan analisis kajian, terdapat tujuh faktor yang terbentuk mewakili dimensi kesihatan mental remaja luar bandar iaitu (i) emosi, (ii) penyelesaian masalah (problem -solving), (iii) kesejahteraan intelektual (intellectual wellness), (iv) kerohanian (spirituality), (v) penglibatan sosial (social engagement), (vi) resiliensi dan (vii) tingkah laku (behavioral). Ketujuh-tujuh dimensi model yang terbina ini mewakili mekanisma remaja bertindak dalam menghadapi cabaran isu kesihatan mental. Elemen ini juga dipercayai mampu menjadi pemangkin kepada mengurangkan keterlibatan remaja luar bandar kepada risiko gangguan mental dalam menjalani kefungsian kehidupan. ABSTRACT In Malaysia, youth is a group often associated with mental health issues due to lack of response and exposure to stress. Therefore, the study aims to build a model specific to adolescent mental health, and it focuses on rural youth. If we look at it, the issue of rural youth is a national change agenda as they are often associated with involvement with negative symptoms that are often of concern to the Malaysian government. The study involved 385 youths from the northern zone of Peninsular Malaysia who volunteered and they were selected using random sampling techniques. In this study, four measuring devices relevant to adolescent mental health issues were used, namely the Psychological Wellbeing Scale by Ryff and Keyes (1995), the COPE Scale by Carver (1997), the Bar-On Emotional Inventory by Bar-On (1997) and Mindfulness Awareness Scale by Brown & Bryan (2003). Through items from the surveying, the researchers formed a model dimension using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). After that, the verification and matching of the data obtained is measured using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to form a measurement model. Based on the results of the study there are seven factors that are formed to represent the mental health dimensions of rural adolescents i.e. (i) emotional, (ii) problem solving, (iii) intellectual wellness, (iv) spirituality, (v) social engagement, (vi) resilience and (vii) behavioral. The seven dimensions of this built-in model represent a youth mechanism acting in the face of the challenges of mental health issues. This element is also believed to be a catalyst to reduce the involvement of rural youths to the risk of mental disorders in the course of life functions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial
COMBATING DRUG AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG ‘PRIVATE HIGH SCHOOL’ LEARNERS IN WATERFALLS DISTRICT, HARARE, ZIMBABWE
The study investigates the causes of drug and substance abuse and proffers workable solutions to overcome the challenge within the private high school environment in Zimbabwe. The researchers used a qualitative research design and data collection method in the form of semi-structured interviews. The participants of this study involved five private high school learners, three private high school teachers and two headmasters from Waterfalls, Harare, Zimbabwe. Data was thematically analyzed. The study established that private high school administrations are neglecting the fundamental pillars of education, thereby compromising the standard of moral fiber in learners. Nonprocedural enrollment policies, lack of weekend and holiday rest and no sporting activities were established as the key causal factors of drug and substance abuse among learners in private high schools. The study concludes that the unconducive learning environment in private high schools in Zimbabwe is fertile ground for learners to succumb to drug and substance abuse usage. Whereas on the contrary, learners should have time to relax, play sports, and engage in creative activities. Therefore, this study recommends the enforcement of standardized healthy living principles of practice in private high schools in Zimbabwe.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CRACKING THE UNKNOWN PHENOMENON OF INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Despite numerous initiatives made by various organisations to increase employment opportunities for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), they remain unemployed. The unemployment rate for individuals with ASD remains high. Therefore, this study seeks to understand the employment challenges for individuals with ASD and develop innovative solutions to address them. This study selected six founders of social enterprises in Klang Valley, Malaysia, that target individuals with ASD as participants. The study uses a face-to-face interview as a means of data collection. By implementing the thematic analysis, the study will uncover key themes and patterns that can inform future initiatives and policies to promote inclusion and diversity in the Malaysian workforce. These findings will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by marginalised groups and the strategies that can be implemented to address them effectively.
THE FACTOR INFLUENCES STUDENT’S ONLINE PURCHASING EXPERIENCES ACROSS A VARIETY OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS
This study examines the experiences of students at a university in northern Malaysia who make online purchases using social media platforms such as Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram. TikTok, and Instagram. Social media has become an important online shopping platform due to the rapid growth of e-commerce, and it has a huge impact on consumer behavior, especially for younger consumers. The aim of the study is to understand what motivates students to use different social media platforms to make their online purchases, as well as the benefits and difficulties encountered and the satisfaction obtained. There are three objectives studied in this study, which are to identify the factor of perceived usefulness that influences student’s online purchase intention, to identify the factor of perceived of ease-ofuse that influences student’s online purchase intention and to identify the factor of trust that influences students’ online purchase intention. This study was conducted using a thematic analysis, involving a total of seven university students as respondents. The results of the analysis show that there are five factors that influence online purchase decisions. The five factors are: demonstration factors, comments, convenience, trustworthiness, and engaging content. The findings of this study have successfully answered the research questions and research objectives as mentioned before.
UNDERSTANDING LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS INMATES: THE IMPACT OF PRISON CLIMATE AND THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT
Malaysia’s increasing emphasis on community-based correctional strategies reflects a national commitment to lowering recidivism rates. This approach forms a key component of ongoing prison reform efforts, with the aim that by 2030, approximately two-thirds of the incarcerated population will participate in community correctional programs. Previous research has linked social support to prison climate and life satisfaction, making it essential for implementation. Thus, this study seeks to examine whether social support affects the prison climate and life satisfaction. Cross-sectional surveys were used in this quantitative study. The study sampled 380 incarcerated individuals, selected through a structured sampling framework employing simple random sampling techniques. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS AMOS version 25, with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) applied to test the proposed theoretical model and associated research hypotheses. The results demonstrate that social support fully mediates the association between the prison climate and life satisfaction. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that the Malaysian Prisons Department formulate targeted policies and strategic initiatives aimed at improving the prison climate and strengthening social support systems, thereby enhancing inmates’ overall life satisfaction. The described situation is consistent with the Malaysian government's goal of Malaysia Madani, which seeks to tackle the difficulties faced by the population and promote national progress.
PERSPEKTIF ISLAM BERKENAAN TEKNIK BERMAIN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AWAL KANAK-KANAK
Pendidikan awal kanak-kanak amat penting dalam menentukan hala tuju kehidupan anak-anak pada masa hadapan. Dalam konteks pembangunan pendidikan awal kanak-kanak, agama Islam memberi penekanan yang jitu terhadap perkembangan kanak-kanak dalam meraikan fitrah semula jadi mereka yang suka bermain. Kurangnya pemahaman dalam perspektif Islam dalam mendidik kanak-kanak secara menyeronokan dalam pembelajaran menjadi permasalahan utama. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini bertujuan bagi mengkaji tentang pembelajaran secara bermain dalam konteks Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif menerusi kajian kepustakaan bagi mendapatkan sumber primer yang berhubungan dengan pendekatan terapi bermain menurut pandangan Islam. Pandangan sarjana barat juga dikaji bagi melihat persamaan dan kepentingan pendidikan awal kanak-kanak. Kebanyakan sumber maklumat diperolehi menerusi jurnal, buku, al-Quran, hadis dan artikel. Maklumat yang dikumpulkan akan disaring untuk dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Hasil analisis menjelaskan bahawa pendekatan bermain dalam pendidikan awal kanak-kanak menerusi perspektif Barat telah menjadi amalan gaya asuhan dalam konteks Islam serta menjadi amalan Rasulullah SAW. Justeru, dengan memberi penerangan tentang aktiviti bermain yang diselarikan dengan elemen agama dapat membantu perkembangan kanak-kanak dari segi pengetahuan dan ilmu bahkan dari sudut holistik merangkumi sosial, emosi, fizikal dan rohani. ABSTRACT Early childhood education is very important in setting the course for children’s later lives. In the context of the development of early childhood education, the Islamic religion places special emphasis on the development of children by celebrating their natural playful nature. Therefore, this study aims to examine learning through play in the context of Islam. This study uses qualitative methods through library research to obtain primary sources on the approach of play therapy according to Islamic viewpoints. The views of Western scholars are also consulted to identify the similarities and importance of early childhood education. All information can be obtained from sources such as journals, books, the Quran, hadiths, and articles. The information is collected and sifted to be analysed using content analysis methods. The results of the analysis show that from the western point of view, the playful approach in early childhood education has already become the practise of educational style in the context of Islam as well as the practise of Rasulullah SAW. By explaining play in conjunction with religious elements, children’s development in terms of knowledge and understanding can even be promoted from a holistic point of view that includes social, emotional, physical, and spiritual aspects.
VIRTUAL REALITY & CURRENT PRACTICES (AN INTRODUCTION TO WIDAD FAROKAM)
This concept paper is a discussion that emphasizes the virtual reality support idea. Widad FAROKAM is an application based on the system that is compatible with the website surfed by mobile or desktop. The future target user of this system will rehearse the attention of completing the task given and divert their attachment growth by the involvement of a guardian within the task target. Still, the research must explore certain aspects which indeed can make up several issues arise. Widad FAROKAM’ integrated system is based on the currently developed product of R&D named Widad Psychetra Door (WPD). Through the investigation and feasibility study from the same research in a previous paper published on Widad FAROKAM & WPD, the common representation arises from the fourth phase of this R&D product. This fourth phase involved virtual reality.
KEPENTINGAN SOKONGAN MEMPENGARUHI IMPLIMENTASI INTEGRASI TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL DI SEKOLAH: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIK LITERATUR
Implementasi integrasi teknologi digital dalam kalangan guru sekolah aliran perdana di negara Malaysia memerlukan usaha untuk dikaji secara sistematik berkenaan dengan topik berkaitan. Penglibatan murid dalam teknologi digital terutama melalui pembelajaran sama ada di dalam atau di luar bilik darjah memerlukan guru yang gigih dan positif menerima cabaran dalam perubahan pendidikan abad ke-21. Objektif kajian ini bertujuan menjalankan kajian literatur secara sistematik untuk (1) meninjau implementasi integrasi teknologi digital dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran. (2) Meneroka permasalahan yang dihadapi apabila melibatkan integrasi teknologi digital dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP). Pengkaji akan (3) merungkai pendekatan yang sesuai berkaitan dengan tindakan sokongan yang diperlukan untuk integrasi teknologi digital dalam PdP melalui tema yang akan dibentangkan. Pengkaji juga melaksanakan langkah-langkah metodologi utama, iaitu dipandu oleh protokol tinjauan, merumuskan soalan penyelidikan, strategi carian sistematik berdasarkan pengenalan, pemeriksaan dan kelayakan beberapa pangkalan data yang ditubuhkan seperti Scopus dan Google Scholar. Langkah-langkah tersebut diikuti oleh penilaian kualiti, data pengeluaran dan analisis. Sebanyak enam tema telah ditemui berdasarkan tema analisis, iaitu (1) implementasi teknologi dalam PdP, (2) wujud pelbagai faktor kekangan integrasi teknologi, (3) guru memerlukan sokongan, iaitu, (4) sikap guru mempengaruhi Implementasi integrasi teknologi digital melalui pedagogi, (5) penggunaan platform digital dan (6) strategi. Guru memerlukan sokongan tatkala mereka menghadapi situasi sukar terutama melibatkan teknologi digital. Sokongan ini penting kepada guru untuk bersama dengan murid bagi meneroka laman sesawang atau mengguna pakai aplikasi digital yang dapat membantu mereka dalam proses PdP. Tanpa infrastruktur yang mencukupi dan sokongan bagi mewujudkan idea atau bimbingan kaedah yang baharu, maka guru lebih gemar untuk melaksanakan PdP secara konvensional. Hal demikian perlu diperhalusi agar murid tidak ketinggalan menggunakan teknologi. Perubahan diperlu agar aktiviti pembelajaran beralih daripada menggunakan pen dan kertas. ABSTRACT The implementation of digital technology integration among mainstream schoolteachers in Malaysia requires efforts to be systematically studied in related topics. The involvement of students in digital technology, especially in learning, whether inside or outside the classroom, requires persistent and positive teachers to accept the challenges of the implementation of 21st-century education. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic literature review (1) related to the implementation of digital technology integration in teaching and learning. (2) Explore the problems faced when involving the integration of digital technology in teaching and learning. The researcher will (3) dissect the appropriate approach related to the support and actions required for the integration of digital technology in teaching and learning through the themes that will be presented. The researcher carried out the main methodological steps, namely guided by the survey protocol, formulating research questions, and a systematic search strategy based on the identification, examination, and qualification of several established databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar, followed by quality assessment, data production, and analysis. Six themes have been discovered based on the theme of analysis: (1) implementation of technology in teaching and learning; (2) there are various factors that limit the integration of technology; (3) teachers need support, namely, (4) teachers’ attitudes influence the implementation of digital technology integration through pedagogy; (5) use of digital platforms; and (6) strategy. Teachers need support when they face difficult situations, especially when involving digital technology when exploring websites with students or using digital applications that can assist them in the teaching and learning process. Without sufficient infrastructure and without support to create new ideas or guidance, teachers prefer to implement teaching and learning conventionally. This needs to be refined so that students do not miss out on using technology. Changes are needed so that learning activities move away from using pen and paper.
ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW ON POLYGAMOUS MARRIAGE IN MALAYSIA: BETWEEN ROSES AND THORNS
Marriage is a way of gaining a peaceful mind and soul, be it monogamous or polygamous marriage. This is the sweetness of marriage as enshrined by Islam. To achieve this wisdom, conditions laid down by the religion and legal requirements must be observed. Otherwise, a marriage may turn into a miserable and thorny life for couples, especially in polygamy. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to disseminate legal knowledge and refine the understanding about polygamous law in Malaysia. The central arguments of this study are two-pronged: (1) to deliberate on the Malaysian legal framework for polygamous marriage and (2) to discuss a crucial legal issue related to polygamy, namely cross-border marriage and its effects. The qualitative method of doctrinal legal research was employed to obtain and analyse primary and secondary data from various sources. It included examining the statutes and decided cases of the Syariah Courts, including reported and unreported cases. The relevant statutes studied were the Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act 1984 and the Enactment of Islamic Family Law (Kedah Darul Aman) 2008. In substantiating arguments, data from e-Syariah Version 3 (ESV3) was used together with existing literature. The findings revealed that refusal or failure to comply with legal requirements pertaining to polygamous marriage may lead to cross-border marriage and its aftermath effects on the legality of the marriage, jurisdiction of the court, and the rights of wives and children in the context of law. Hence, the enforcement of existing laws on polygamy should be emphasised to control any abuse of power by a man to contract a polygamous marriage. More importantly, the laws and enforcement should be strengthened to protect the rights of the wives and children. Future research may focus on issues involving the rights of the wives and children of a polygamous marriage upon the death of the husband or father according to Islamic family law in Malaysia and its implementation.
PROPERTY PURCHASE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACING BY FIRST HOUSE BUYERS IN MALAYSIA DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC (YEAR 2020-2022)
This article intended to identify issues and challenges facing by first house buyers when they are buying first house in Malaysia. The results from this article can provide insights to related stakeholders in helping first house buyers to come up with better policies. With the development of the economy, housing prices are still unaffordable and are gradually rising every year. However, household income has not increased accordingly, which is the main problem affecting Malaysians’ difficulty in affording a house. Previously the Malaysian homeownership rate is already declining due to the expensive house price where the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a severe downturn to Malaysia, especially the housing market which has been affected poorly. This article adopted quantitative research method where the primary data was collected through questionnaire surveys. The sample size was determined by referring to Krejcie and Morgan method. The questionnaires are distributed through internet platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp to collect more responses as online survey brings convenience to respondents. 155 responds were collected from the respondents. From the results, unstable financial positions, unemployment rate, difficulty in obtaining loans, and location factors are the first house buyers’ main issues and challenges. These factors required intervention from the government to save the economy through several policies. Since majority of first house buyers are not familiar with the issues and challenges that they need to consider before making the decision to purchase their first house, this article’s outcomes help first house buyers to do decisions by discussing the issues and challenges that need to be considered. Furthermore, the outcomes can be referred to once the first house buyers encounter similar situations as the results can be used as guidance to help them to understand the problems.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTENTION TO USE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY FOR E-LEARNING AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
The utilisation of gadgets and computer technology has become a significant aspect of e-learning. This condition requires students to use various online platforms for learning purposes. The current study aims to explore the potential factor in explaining the intention to use computer technology during e-learning among private university students. Online questionnaires were distributed to 174 university students from various programmes in a university in Selangor. The items in the questionnaire covered three independent variables: perceived ease of use of technology, perceived usefulness of technology, and computer self-efficacy. The dependent variable is the intention to use computer technology in e-learning. Pearson Correlation was used to assess the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Furthermore, Hierarchal Multiple Regression analysis was used to determine the predictor of the intention to use computer technology. The result showed that the intention to use computer technology for e-learning was significantly related to technology’s perceived ease of use, usefulness, and computer self-efficacy. However, when computer self-efficacy is controlled, students’ intention to use computer technology is driven by their perceived notion that technology is easy to use and usefulness of the technology. The study concludes that when students perceive technology as easy to use and sense its practicality, they will have a stronger intention of using technology for learning. This research implies that a systematic strategy should be practised by integrating computer technology into teaching and learning in the current situation. Future studies could further explore the potential of differences across students’ backgrounds towards e-learning.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial
HUBUNGAN KESIHATAN MENTAL DENGAN MOTIVASI DALAM KALANGAN PALAPES UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
Kajian ini memberikan tumpuan kepada isu kesihatan mental dan tahap motivasi dalam kalangan anggota Palapes (Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan) Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). Terdapat tiga elemen utama bagi kesihatan mental iaitu kemurungan, kebimbangan dan tekanan yang telah dikenalpasti hubungannya dengan motivasi intrinsik dan motivasi ektrinsik. Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap kesihatan mental dan motivasi di kalangan anggota Palapes UUM. Selain itu, kajian ini juga menguji perbezaan tahap kesihatan mental dan motivasi berdasarkan jantina. Objektif terakhir adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kesihatan mental dan motivasi dalam kalangan anggota Palapes UUM. Kajian ini berbentuk kuantitatif dengan melibatkan soal selidik sebagai instrumen kajian. Skala Kemurungan, Kebimbangan, dan Tekanan (Depression, Anxiety dan Stress Scale -DASS-21) digunakan untuk mengukur tahap kesihatan mental di kalangan anggota Palapes UUM manakala Students Work Preference Inventory (SWPI) digunakan untuk mengukur tahap motivasi pelajar. Seramai 152 responden dipilih secara persampelan bertujuan daripada tiga pasukan Palapes di UUM iaitu Darat, Laut dan Udara. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 29. Analisis yang dilakukan termasuk analisis frekuensi, peratusan, ujian-T sampel bebas dan Korelasi Pearson. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kemurungan, kebimbangan dan tekanan dalam kalangan pelajar Palapes UUM berada pada tahap normal. Tahap motivasi intrinsik adalah tinggi manakala motivasi ektrinsik adalah sederhana. Selain itu, hasil kajian juga menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan tahap kesihatan mental dan motivasi antara lelaki dan perempuan. Kajian ini juga memberikan bukti adanya hubungan positif antara kesihatan mental dan motivasi pelajar. Kesimpulannya, hasil kajian ini dapat digunakan sebagai rujukan oleh pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam meningkatkan kesedaran terhadap kesihatan mental dan motivasi dalam kalangan pelajar Palapes UUM. ABSTRACT This study focuses on the issues of mental health and motivation among members of Palapes (Reserve Officer Training Team) at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). This study focuses on three elements of mental health namely depression, anxiety and stress and their relationship with intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. The objective of this study is to identify the level of mental health and motivation among Palapes UUM members. In addition, this study also tested differences in the level of mental health and motivation based on gender. The final objective is to examine the relationship between mental health and motivation among Palapes UUM members. This study uses quantitative methods and uses a questionnaire as a research instrument. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale -DASS-21) is used to measure the level of mental health among Palapes UUM members while the Students Work Preference Inventory (SWPI) is used to measure the level of student motivation. A total of 152 respondents were purposefully selected from the three Palapes services at UUM, namely Land, Sea and Air. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 29. The analysis performed included frequency analysis, percentage, independent sample T-test and Pearson Correlation. The findings of the study show that the level of depression, anxiety and stress among Palapes UUM students is at a normal level. The level of intrinsic motivation is high while extrinsic motivation is moderate. In addition, the results of the study also show that there is a difference in the level of mental health and motivation between men and women. This study also provides evidence of a positive relationship between mental health and student motivation. In conclusion, the results of this study can be used as a reference by parties involved in raising awareness of mental health and motivation among Palapes UUM students.
CABARAN DAN PERMASALAHAN MENGURUSKAN PERNIAGAAN KETIKA COVID 19: KES PENGUSAHA MADU KELULUT DI SIK KEDAH
Usahawan sering berhadapan dengan cabaran dan rintangan dalam menguruskan perniagaan. Maka, usahawan harus merancang, mengurus, mengelola dan melaksanakan strategi perniagaan dengan efisyen, cekap dan berkesan. Ketika pandemik Covid-19 melanda dunia, Malaysia juga turut terkesan dengan wabak ini sehingga berlakunya krisis ekonomi yang mencabar. Bagi perusahaan kecil dan sederhana (PKS) pula, keadaan pandemik ini sudah pasti memberi cabaran utama terhadap aliran pendapatan perniagaan kerana operasi perniagaan terpaksa dihentikan sepanjang tempoh Peraturan Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) yang dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan dalam membendung wabak ini. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan cabaran dan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh usahawan ketika tempoh PKP yang dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan. Kaedah pengumpulan data secara kualitatif telah dilakukan melalui temubual secara atas talian dan bersemuka terhadap sepuluh (10) usahawan kecil yang menjalankan perniagaan madu kelulut di Daerah Sik, Kedah. Seterusnya, penyelidik juga telah memperolehi maklumat berkaitan usahawan tentang cabaran yang dihadapi melalui temubual bersemuka. Hasil dapatan mendapati usahawan kecil menyatakan tempoh pandemik Covid-19 memberi impak negatif terhadap jualan dan aliran pendapatan usahawan PKS. Terdapat lima permasalahan dan cabaran utama yang dihadapi usahawan kecil ketika pandemik Covid-19. Cabaran dan permasalahan tersebut dikategorikan kepada lima klasifikasi utama iaitu masalah pemasaran, masalah pengurusan, masalah pengeluaran, masalah produk dan masalah kewangan. Justeru, usahawan PKS haruslah bijak menangani dan menguruskan perniagaan ketika wabak pandemik daripada segala aspek perniagaan demi kelestarian perniagaan usahawan kecil di Malaysia.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERN AND YOUTH SELFCONCEPT IN RURAL MALAYSIA
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family communication patterns and self-concept among youth in rural areas. The sample consisted of 315 participants (150 boys and 165 girls), selected using a simple random sampling technique. The Revised Family Communication Pattern (RFCP) Survey, which has two dimensions - conversational orientation and conformity orientation, was used to measure the relationship between the variables. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, which has six dimensions - social, moral, family, ethical, physical, and personal - was also used. Demographic factors such as gender, race, education, and religious affiliation were measured. The results showed significant relationships between family communication patterns for conversational orientation and physical, ethical, personal, family, and social self-concept, with the exception of moral self-concept, which showed medium levels. Additionally, there were significant relationships between conformity orientation and moral and ethical self-concept, and weak relationships with physical, family, and social self-concept. These findings reaffirm the importance of family communication patterns in shaping the selfconcept of youth in rural areas.
HOW DOES ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY REDUCE BURNOUT AMONG ACADEMICIANS FROM MALAYSIAN RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
The prevalence of burnout among academicians in Malaysian Research Universities (RUs) is a growing concern in contemporary times. The confluence of high job demands, and limited job resources has contributed to heightened levels of burnout among this population. Recognizing the urgency of addressing this issue, the present study conducts a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in reducing burnout levels among academicians in RUs in Malaysia. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, a limited number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified and reviewed. The findings of the study demonstrate that ACT holds promise as an effective intervention for decreasing burnout levels among academicians, while simultaneously enhancing psychological flexibility. The implications of this study extend to both scholars and experts invested in mitigating the pervasiveness of burnout among academicians in Malaysian RUs, offering valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions and strategies.
PENDERAAN EKONOMI MANGSA KEGANASAN RUMAH TANGGA: PERSPEKTIF PENGAMAL
Keganasan rumah tangga merupakan satu fenomena global dalam masyarakat sejak sekian lama yang begitu kompleks dan perlu ditangani dengan sebaiknya. Artikel ini cuba membincangkan salah satu hasil dapatan daripada keseluruhan kajian yang dilaksanakan bagi meneliti isu penderaan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan kewangan mangsa keganasan rumah tangga. Ia cuba meneroka isu ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh wanita yang menjadi mangsa keganasan rumah tangga daripada perspektif pengamal yang mengendalikan keskes sebegini. Data kajian kualitatif ini diperoleh semasa temubual dan perbincangan kumpulan berfokus (FGD) dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan analisis tematik. Seramai lima belas orang kakitangan atau pengamal di Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat telah diminta untuk berkongsi pengalaman mereka berkenaan isu pengendalian kes mangsa keganasan rumah tangga serta konflik kewangan dan kesejahteraan ekonomi wanita yang menjadi mangsa penderaan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa isu-isu penderaan ekonomi dan kewangan tertumpu kepada isu pekerjaan dan sumber pendapatan serta kebergantungan si pelaku dan mangsa, isu gaya hidup negatif pelaku dan kawalan pelaku kepada sumber kewangan yang dijana oleh mangsa. ABSTRACT Domestic violence has been a global phenomenon in society for ages. It is so complex and needs to be dealt with accordingly. This paper tries to discuss one of the findings from the overall, bigger study that was carried out to examine the issue of economic abuse and the financial well-being of victims of domestic violence. It attempts to explore the issues faced by victims of domestic violence from the perspective of practitioners who handle such cases. The data of this qualitative study was obtained during interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) conducted using thematic analysis. A total of fifteen staff members or practitioners in the Department of Social Welfare were asked to share their experiences in handling cases of domestic violence victims as well as financial conflicts and the economic well-being of abuse victims. The results of the study found that the issues of economic and financial abuse are focused on the issue of employment and source of income as well as the dependency of the perpetrator and the victim, the issue of the perpetrator’s negative lifestyle and the perpetrator’s control over the financial resources generated by the victim.
PERSEPSI TERHADAP PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN ATAS TALIAN SEMASA PANDEMIK DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MU’ADZAM SHAH
Malaysia bertindak melaksanakan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan apabila Pertubuhan Kesihatan dunia mengisytiharkan pandemik COVID-19 pada Mac 2020. Lantaran, pembelajaran kaedah tradisional iaitu secara bersemuka tidak dapat dilakukan, maka, pembelajaran atas talian atau e-pembelajaran menjadi satu kemestian di semua institusi pendidikan termasuk peringkat rendah, menengah dan tertiari. Oleh itu, satu kajian telah dilakukan dalam kalangan pelajar Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenalpasti kesediaan pelajar mengikuti sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara atas talian semasa PKP, mengkaji tahap persepsi dan motivasi pelajar serta mengkaji pencapaian akademik pelajar yang mengikuti sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara atas talian semasa PKP. Seramai 423 orang responden telah menjawab soal selidik secara atas talian. Data telah dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 28. Hasil kajian mendapati majoriti responden melaporkan bahawa mereka mempunyai kesediaan untuk mengikuti sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara atas talian. Responden juga mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secar atas talian. Majoriti responden melaporkan bahawa mereka bermotivasi tinggi untuk mengikuti kelas secara atas talian. Kebanyakan responden mencapai prestasi akademik yang diukur melalui PMK adalah memuaskan. Dapatan kajian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pihak yang terlibat terutamanya pendidik dan institusi pengajian dalam merangka modul dan polisi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara atas talian. ABSTRACT Malaysia prompted to execute the Movement Controlled Order (MCO) once the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic in Mac 2020. As a result, traditional learning method of face-to-face classes ceased to operate in all primary, secondary and tertiary learning institutions. Therefore, a study was conducted among students of the Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah in Jitra, Kedah. The objectives of the study are to identify the students’ readiness for the online teaching and learning session during MCO, to study the students’ levels of perception and motivation, and to study the students’ academic performances who are involved with the online teaching and learning during MCO. A total of 423 respondents had answered an online survey. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 28. The result of the study found that the majority of respondents reported that they were ready to participate in online teaching and learning sessions. Respondents also have a positive perception of online teaching and learning sessions. The majority of respondents reported that they were highly motivated to take online classes. Most respondents achieved satisfactory academic performance measured through CGPA. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be able to help the parties concerned especially educators and learning institutions in designing online learning modules and policy.
Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial
HOUSE OWNING CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR MALAYSIAN FIRST HOME BUYERS IN THE POSTCOVID- 19 PANDEMIC ERA
This study intended to identify the factors and solutions that help first home buyers successfully purchase their first home after the COVID-19 pandemic where the current issues and challenges faced by first home buyers in Malaysia should be investigated. The housing prices are still pricey and the prices are progressively rising every year, as the economy develops. However, household income has not increased in lockstep, which is the primary cause of Malaysians’ inability to purchase a home. Furthermore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, this scenario intensifies as economic containment tactics have a negative impact on the economy and social aspects. This study adopted a quantitative research method where the primary data were collected through online survey. The survey was conducted through internet platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp to collect more responses as online survey brings convenience to respondents. 155 feedbacks were collected from the respondents. From the results, the personal income has the highest impact on the affordability of respondents to purchase their first property in Malaysia where the respondents think the government should promote more incentives and initiatives in helping youngsters to purchase their first home. The government should emphasize the housing sector development as this sector is linked with social development significantly in term of citizens’ satisfaction level with the government policies. The outcomes can be referred to by first home buyers when they encounter similar situations as guidance to help them understand the problems. Although, the government has implemented several housing measures, including allocating available homes to qualifying homebuyers but it is insufficient. The outcomes can help the solutions developed by the government and private banking companies in resolving and alleviating the challenges reported by first home buyers in Malaysia.
FATHER ABSENCE AND LIFE HISTORY STRATEGY OUTCOMES AMONG MALAYSIAN WOMEN
Understanding about the life history strategy (LHS) of Malaysian women who experienced father absence (FA) during childhood is limited. This systematic literature review (SLR) pursued a narrative synthesis methodology to investigate the links between FA and six life history (LH) decision-nodes constitutive of an individual’s LHS: pubertal timing, number of offspring, first marriage timing, first birth timing, sexual debut age, and sexual partner count in the Malaysian female population. It investigated if these decision-nodes clustered together to lie predictably on the slow-to-fast continuum. On July 17, 2022, APA PsycARTICLES, ICTRP, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest, CT.gov, Scopus, and Embase were searched for studies published prior to December 2021. One cross-sectional study, involving 567 women was found relevant. The review found that FA at any time in childhood was not linked with pubertal age or number of offspring but only FA experienced during late childhood, not early childhood was associated with a swifter age of getting married and giving birth for the first time. It found that FA did not provoke a grouping of LH decision-nodes that were describable as ‘slow’ and ‘fast’. The review yielded no results on how FA relates to sexual debut age and sexual partner count. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) examined risk of bias and found the study to be low-risk. These findings have implications for LH decision-making research, fathering research, extant theories on fathers’ influence on daughters’ psychosexuality, LH theory’s postulation of a slow-to-fast continuum, Malaysian family policies, and Malaysian daughters from father-absent homes.
HALANGAN UNTUK MENCAPAI KESEIMBANGAN ANTARA KERJAYA DAN KEHIDUPAN WANITA BEKERJA DI SEKTOR AWAM
Setiap tahun Malaysia kehilangan tenaga kerja yang sangat berharga kerana konflik keluarga-kerjaya yang dihadapi oleh wanita-wanita muda yang sudah berkahwin. Banyak kajian mendapati bahawa ibu muda yang bekerja mempunyai kesukaran untuk mengimbangi antara pekerjaan dan kehidupan keluarga (Delina & Raya, 2013; Pradhan, 2016 dan Boushey, 2016). Terdapat pelbagai faktor yang mendorong fenomena tersebut. Faktor-faktor lain yang juga menyumbang kepada masalah ini ialah penyediaan yang tidak cukup dari segi fasiliti, perkhidmatan dan prasarana yang sesuai untuk menyokong keperluan wanita dalam mencapai keseimbangan kehidupan kerja dan pekerjaan. Keseimbangan kehidupan dan pekerjaan adalah penting untuk meningkatkan kebahagiaan serta kualiti hidup keluarga mereka dan seterusnya mempengaruhi produktiviti dan kreativiti mereka dalam pekerjaan. Melalui sistem sokongan yang lebih baik sebenarnya akan memberi banyak pilihan untuk wanita memilih untuk kekal dalam sektor pekerjaan walaupun harus menjaga anak-anak dan menguruskan kehidupan keluarga mereka. Oleh itu, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan halangan-halangan yang menyumbang kepada masalah untuk mencapai keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan wanita yang bekerja di Kedah. Kaedah kajian ini adalah secara temubual. Kajian ini melibatkan responden dalam kalangan kakitangan pentadbiran dan staf sokongan di sektor awam. Kepentingan kajian adalah, dapat membantu pihak berkepentingan seperti pembuat dasar, pihak pentadbir dan agensi awam serta pelaksana untuk mendapatkan maklumat mengenai pandangan wanita di Kedah dalam konteks keseimbangan kehidupan dan kerjaya mereka. ABSTRACT Every year Malaysia loses a very valuable workforce due to the family conflicts faced by young married women. Many studies have found that young working mothers have difficulty balancing between work and family (Delina & Raya, 2013; Pradhan, 2016; Boushey, 2016). There are various factors that drive the phenomenon. Other factors that also contribute to this problem are the inadequate provision in terms of appropriate facilities, services, and infrastructure to support the needs of women in achieving work-life balance. Life and work balance is important to increase the happiness as well as the quality of life of their families, and in turn, influence their productivity and creativity in work. A better support system will provide many options for women to choose to remain in the employment sector despite having to take care of children and manage their family life. Therefore, this paper will discuss the barriers that contribute to the problem of achieving a work-life balance for working women in Kedah. The method of this study is the interview. The study involved respondents among administrative staff and support staff in the public sector. The importance of the study is, will be able to help the important parties such as policymakers, administrators, and public agencies as well as implementers to obtain information on the views of women in Kedah in the context of their work-life balance.
MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AND HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG MALAYSIAN ACADEMICS
The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) reported the number of mental health cases among Malaysian aged 16 years and above has shown an increment trend - 10.7% (1996), 11.2% (2006) and 29.2% (2015). In the year 2015 only, 1 in 3 Malaysians have mental health problems. NHMS report in 2019 showed that the occurrence of depression among Malaysian adults is about half a million people. These statistics obviously hinted that something is missing when dealing with mental health issues in Malaysia. Though many studies have been conducted in the past, most are focusing on the causes, and little attention has been given on the aspect of helpseeking in addressing mental health issues. Therefore, this study was done to explore factors that influence individuals to seek help when having mental health problem. To uncover these issues, input from 3 participants were gathered through an online semi-structured interview. Through snowball sampling technique, the participants were invited and willingly to participate in this study. Specifically, 2 participants are the academics from private universities in Malaysia and 1 participant is an academic from a public university in Malaysia. As shared by the participants, the main factor that forces them to seek help is due to not able cope with the problems any longer. On the other hand, stigma from the society, job insecurity, and lack of management support and preservation of profession credibility were found to be among the factors that hinder a person to go and seek helps. Based on the findings, several suggestions and recommendations were put forward to encourage more people to go and seek professional help.
THE PERCEPTION, BEHAVIOURS AND ACCEPTANCE OF COVID-19 VACCINE AMONG MALAY SENIOR CITIZENS
Despite concerted efforts taken since the launched of immunization campaign for Malaysians, the country still wary of individuals who consistently disputing the validity and legality of the vaccine. Further to that, there are also Malaysia citizens who do not believe in the effectiveness of the vaccine which lead to refusal in receiving it voluntarily. The study aimed to (i) to explore the understanding of the Malay senior citizens on health communication campaigns related to the COVID-19 vaccination programmes, (ii) to review the sources of information used by the senior citizens in obtaining information related to the vaccine and COVID-19, and (iii) to explore the behaviours of the senior citizens and their acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The study involved 10 Malay senior citizens within the range age group of 55-65 years. In order to seek diverse insights on the information seeking behaviour and the preferred sources, the study focused on the influence of cultural, religious diversity and the implementation of health communication campaigns by the government on the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. Further, the study also explored the level of understanding and perception on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine among senior citizens. Qualitative methodology was applied using focus group discussion in the data collection, and NVIVO software was used for analysis. The study found hesitancy on the vaccine resulting from the unsure sources of information. Senior citizens from Malay community were very concerned on receiving the vaccine. Additionally, the result indicated that the national immunisation campaign is less effective especially to those who reside in rural areas. The majority of the participants obtained information sources related to vaccines and COVID-19 through social media compared to mainstream media. Inasmuch the overseas media provided more authentic information than the local media, it was equally significant that the informants also found the information by the National Security Council (MKN) and the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) to be authentic and were always referred to.