Ulu Muda Forest: In the Perspective of Water Catchment Management

Muhammad Aqmarul Azri  Azmi; Mohd Nazaruddin  Yusoff; Faizal  Md. Hanafiah

doi:10.32890/jgd2022.18.1.3

Pengarang

Muhammad Aqmarul Azri Azmi School of Government, College of Law, Government and International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
Mohd Nazaruddin Yusoff School of Government, College of Law, Government and International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
Faizal Md. Hanafiah School of Government, College of Law, Government and International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32890/jgd2022.18.1.3

Kata kunci:

Water Catchment Management, Ulu Muda Forests, Sustainable Water Catchment

Abstrak

Malaysia receives abundant rainfall averaging 3,000 mm annually that contributes to the continuous water resources to the country.
However, issues arise on how to manage water supplies effectively and how to sustain the availability of clean water despite other
industrial activities. Looking at the northern region of Malaysia, the 160,000 hectare of Ulu Muda in Kedah is the largest water catchment area that face the same issue. Even though Kedah is not facing any major issues on water resources since it has adequate catchment area, but the given situation of deforestation or logging activities at the area of the forest will someday bring effect on the water supplies to Kedah, Pulau Pinang and Perlis. This paper aims to address the issue together with measuring the water management system in Kedah.

Rujukan

Andrew Sia. (2018, October 8). Kedah to stop logging in crucial water catchment of Ulu Muda forests. The Star Online. Retrieved from h t t p s : / / w w w. t h e s t a r. c o m. m y / n e w s / nation/2018/10/03/kedah-to-stop-logging-in-crucial-watercatchment-of-ulu-muda-forests/ Bahagian Perancangan Ekonomi Negeri (BPEN). (n.d). Pelan pembangunan Kedah 2035. [Pamphlet] Sekretariat KEDAH2035, Alor Setar: Pejabat Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri Kedah. Journal of Governance and Development, 18, No. 1 (Jan) 2022, pp: 33-

Chan Ngai Weng & Wan Ruslan Ismail. (1997). Impak manusia terhadap unsur-unsur kitaran hidrologi di Malaysia. Ilmu Alam 23, May, 41-58. Department of Environment and Science Queensland Government. (2021, October 21). Catchment care. https://environment.des. qld.gov.au/management/water/catchment-care

Elena Koshy. (2020, June 28). Ulu Muda should be protected for all Malaysians. New Straits Times. https://www.nst.com.my/ lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2020/06/604118/ulu-muda-should-beprotected-all-malaysians Government of Kedah Darul Aman Gazette. Enactment no. 2 Kedah water resources enactment 2008. https://syariah.kedah.gov.my

Maketab, H., & Mohd Ani, N. F. (2021). Ulu Muda: Khazanah tersembunyi Negeri Kedah. WWF-Malaysia: Petaling Jaya. Hafizan Juahir, Sharifuddin M. Zain, Mohd Kamil Yusoff, T. I. Tengku Hanidza, A.S. Mohd Armi, Mohd Ekhwan Toriman & Mazlin

Mokhtar. (2011). Spatial water quality assessment of Langat river basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques. Environ Monit Assess 173: 625-641. Keeren Sundara Rajoo, Ahmad Ismail, Arifin Abdu & Daljit Singh

Karam. (2021). Ulu Muda forest reserve: A systematic literature review of research pertaining to the 160,000hectare tropical rain forest. Malayan Nature Journal, 73(3), 289-296.

Khairul Rahmah Ayub, Lai Sai Hin & Hamidi Abd Aziz. (2009). SWAT application for hydrologic and water quality modeling for suspended sediments: A case study of Sungai Langat’s catchment in Selangor. International Conference on Water Resources (ICWR 2009).

Khett A. Butler. (2019, April 1). Consequences of deforestation. https://rainforests.mongabay.com/09_ consequences-of-deforestation.html

Lo Tern Chern. (2018, June 24). Stopping water crisis. The Star Online. h t t p s : / / w w w. t h e s t a r. c o m. m y / n e w s / nation/2018/06/24/stopping-water-crisis-toplevel-m e e t i n g soon-on-kedah-logging-dilemma

Mohamad Firdaus Abdullah. (2021). “If you can control water, you can control everything”: Pembangunan sumber air mentah di Negeri Kedah, 1957-1992. Asian Journal of Environment, History and Heritage, 5(1), p.1-24. h t t p s : / / www.researchgate.net/publication/352837523 Journal of Governance and Development, 18, No. 1 (Jan) 2022, pp: 33-

Mohamad Suhaily Yusri Che Ngah & Zainudin Othman. (2010). Water catchment management: A Malaysia perspective. Global Journal of Environmental Research, 4(1), 34-39. Muhd Ekhwan Toriman, Mazlin Mokhtar, Muhamad Barzani Gasim, Sharifah Mastura Syed Abdullah, Othman Jaafar & Nor Azlina

Abd Aziz. (2009). Water resources study and modeling at north Kedah: A case of Kubang Pasu and Padang Terap schemes. Research Journal of Earth Sciences 1(2), 35-42. Nirwani Devi Miniandi, Mohd Sofiyan Sulaiman, Razak Zakariya, Sheriza Mohd Razali & Nor

Rohaizah Jamil. (2021). Morphometric analysis of the main river systems at Ulu Muda forest reserve, Kedah, peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal, 73(3), 297-309.

Pertanyaan Bukan Lisan Dewan Rakyat Parlimen 13. (2018). https://www.ketsa.gov.my/parlimen/Lists/papar-Jawapan Parlimen. aspx?ID=%20%20%20%201667 Pertanyaan Lisan Dewan Rakyat Parlimen 14. (6 August 2020). https://www.ketsa.gov.my/parlimen/Lists/papar-JawapanParlimen.aspx?ID=%20%20%20%202096

Sim Lay Mei, Gemma Carr & Chan Ngai Weng. (2017). Resolving water disputes via interstate co-operation and stakeholders’ engagement: A case study from Muda river basin. https://www. researchgate.net/publication/320762357.

Siti Zuhaili Hasan & Sarah Aziz. (2018). Kedah water resources enactment 2008 for sustainable agriculture development. Pertanika Journals Tropical Agricultural Science, 41(1), 41-62.

Sri Vaitheki Ramasamy. (2017). Logging in Ulu Muda forest reserve: is Penang’s water security under threat? https://penanginstitute. org/publications/issues/1008-logging-in-ulu-muda-forestreserve-is-penangs-water-security-under-threat/ Zaini Ujang, Ching Thoo Kim, Md. Nasir Md. Noh, Razul Ikmal

Ramli, Azmi Aris, Kassim Tukiman & Haniffa Hamid. (2022). Air dan pembentungan di Malaysia: Sejarah serta perspektif. Institiut Penyelidikan Air Kebangsaan Malaysia dan Jabatan Perkhidmatan Pembentungan; Kuala Lumpur.