Africa and Pax-Africana in the Age of Interventionism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32890/jgd2021.17.2.1Keywords:
Africa, pan-Africanism, pax-Africana, interventionismAbstract
This article, drawing data from library and online sources, examines and engages issues in Africa’s quest for pax-Africana in the age of
interventionism. It notes that Africa’s quest for pax-Africana in the age of interventionism is undercut by many factors, chief among
which is the dependency and weaknesses of African states which always predispose extra-African powers to intervene in matters that
should exclusively be handled by Africans. It concludes that as long as Africa remains trapped in dependent relations and the climate of disunity persists among African statesmen, its quest for pax-Africana would remain daunting.
References
Adebajo, A. (2017, November 2). Opinion: The golden jubilee of pax africana. University of Johannesburg. https://www.uj.ac.za/ news/opinion-the-golden-jubilee-of-pax-africana/
Akinboye, S. O., & Basiru, A. S. (2014). Foreign policy analysis: Conceptual and theoretical logic. Texas/Lagos: Wit Publishing Limited.
Albert, O. (2011). Pinched, ditched or jinxed? The mantra of African Solutions to African Problems, an inaugural lecture delivered at the University of Ibadan. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
Aluko, O. (1976). Ghana and Nigeria 1957-70: A study in inter-African discord. London: Rex Collings.
Amin, S. (1976). Unequal Development. Sussex: Harvester Press.
Aneme, G. A. (2008). The African Standby Force: Major issues under ‘Mission Scenario Six”, Political Perspectives, Vol 2, no1.
AU. (2000). Constitutive Act of the African Union. Lome: AU.
AU. (2011). Communiqué on the situation in Libya (10 March 2011), para. 7. AU Doc. PSC/PR/COMM.2 (CCLXV). Addis Ababa: AU Journal of Governance and Development Vol. 17, Number 2 (July) 2021, pp: 1–
AU. (2011). Communiqué on the situation in Libya (23 February 2011). AU Doc. PSC/PR/COMM (CCLXI). Addis Ababa: AU.
AU. (2002). Optional protocol relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union, http://www. africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/Text/ Protocol_ peace_and_security.pdf.
Basiru, A., & Osunkoya, O. (2020). Between the Rock and a Hard Place: The Africa Union and Democracy Promotion in Africa. Journal of Governance and Development, Vol. 16, Issue 1, June.
Basiru, A. (2013). Why the Arab Spring was late in Coming?. Nigerian Forum, volume 34, No 1-4, January-April.
Basiru, A. S., & Ogunwa, S. A. (2016). Towards Nigeria’s 20:2020: Revisiting the debates on decentralized developmental strategy, Osun Sociological Review, Vol.3, no1.
Basiru, A.S et al. (2018) “Radical Pan-Africanism and Africa’s Integration: A Retrospective Exploration and Prospective Prognosis,” Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, Vol. 40, Issue 3.
Boutros Ghali, B. (1992) Agenda for Peace. New York: United Nations.
Bowen, J. S. (1994). Power and Authority in the African Context: Why Somalia did Not Have to Starve-The Organization of African Unity (OAU) as an Example of the Constitutive Process”, National Black Law Journal, 14, 1.
Caporaso, J. (1978). Dependence and Dependency in the Global System, International Organization, 12, Winter.
Cardoso, F. H., & Faletto, E. (1979). Dependency and Development in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Claude, I. (1962). Power and International Relations. Random House.
Derso, S. (2012). The quest for Pax Africana: The case of the African Union’s peace and security regime. African Journal on Conflict Resolution, 12(2).
Dos Santos, T. (1970). The Structure of Dependency, American Economic Review, 60, 21.
Dougherty, J., & Pfaltzgraft, Jr. R. (1996). Contending theories of international relations: A comprehensive survey. Longman.
Echezons, N., & Duru, E. (2005) “Conflict prevention, management and resolution: Establishing a regional force for Africa. European Journal of Scientific Research, 8, 3.
Esedebe, P. O. (1980). The Growth of the Pan-African Movement. Tarikh, 6, no.3. Journal of Governance and Development Vol. 17, Number 2 (July) 2021, pp: 1–
Esmenjaud, R., & Franke, B. (2009). Who owns African ownership? The Africanisation of security and its limits, Working Papers in International History and Politics, Department of International History and Politics, No.1. Geneva: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.
Forbes, D. K. (1984). The Geography of Underdevelopment. London/ Sydney: Croom Helm.
Frank, A. G. (1972). The Development of Underdevelopment in Cockcroft J. et al (eds.) Dependence and Underdevelopment in Latin America. London: Anchor Books.
Franke, B. (2006). A Pan-African army: The evolution of an idea and its eventual realization in the African Standby Force”, African Security Review, 15, no. 4, 4.
Gallie, W. (1962). Essentially contested concepts. In Black, M. ed. The Importance of Language. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press.
ICISS. (2001). International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. 2001. The Responsibility to Protect. IDRC: Ottawa. http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-9436-201-1-DO_TOPIC. html. (accessed 02/09/2020).
Janis, M. (2008). Africa after Modernism: Transition in Literature, Media and Philosophy. London: Taylor and Francis Group.
Jinadu, A. (2009). Nkrumah, Pan-Africanism and the future of Africa” In S. Adejumobi & A.Olukoshi (eds.). The African Union and the New Strategies for Development in Africa. Dakar: CODESRIA.
Kennan, G. (1951). American Diplomacy, 1900-1950. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Kufuor, K. O. (2005). The Collapse of the Organization of African Unity: Lessons from Economics and History. Journal of African Law, Vol. 4.
Legum, C. (1962). Pan-Africanism: A Short Political Guide. Praeger.
Leininger, J. (2014). A Strong Norm for Democratic Governance in Africa. Stockholm: International IDEA.
Mahadew, R. (2011). The African Union’s responsibility to protect in the Libyan crisis 2011 (LLM Dissertation, Centre for Human Rights, University of University of Pretoria.
Mazrui, A. (1967). Towards a Pax Africana: A Study in Ideology and Ambition. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Morgenthau, H. J. (1978). Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Journal of Governance and Development Vol. 17, Number 2 (July) 2021, pp: 1–
Muyangwa, M., & Vogt, M. (2000). An assessment of the OAU Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution, 1993-2000. New York: International Peace Academy Report.
Mwanasali, M. (2004). Emerging security architecture in Africa. Johannesburg: Centre for Policy Studies.
Mwanasali, M. (2006). Africa’s Responsibility to Protect In Adebajo, A. & Scanlon, H. (eds.). A Dialogue of the Deaf Essays on Africa and the United Nations. Johannesburg: The Centre for Conflict Resolution.
Nkrumah, K. (1961). I Speak of Freedom: A Statement of African Ideology. London: William Heinemann Ltd.
Okeke, V. O. S., & Eme, O. (2011). Pan-Africanism and Pan-Arabism in Africa: The Thesis, The-Anti Thesis and Imperative for Synthesis. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 1, no.1.
Okoampa, K. (2011). On Libya, African Union does not get it’ available at http://www.modernghana.com/news/341364/1/ on-libya-african-union-does-not-get-it.html (accessed 25th August 2011).
Onimode, B. (2000). African in the World of the 21st Century. Ibadan University Press.
Politicsweb. (2011). NATO war of aggression in Libya should end immediately-Mbeki & Co’ available at (accessed 12 July 2020)
Rights Monitoring. (2011). Why the West wants the fall of Qaddafi’ available at http://www.rightsmonitoring.org/2011/04/why-the-west-wants-the-fall-of-gaddafi-an-analysis-in-defense-of-the-libyanrais/ (accessed 08 October 2011).
Sellers, M. N. S. (2014). Intervention under International Law. Maryland Journal of International Law, Vol. 29, Issue 1.
Sesay, A. (1991). The Limits of peace-keeping by a regional organization: The OAU Peace-keeping Force in Chad” Conflict Quarterly, 20.
Tandon, Y. (1972). The Organization of African Unity: A Forum for African International Relations,” The Roundtable, no.246, April.
Tekena, T. (1991). Peace and Violence in Nigeria. Ibadan: History Project. Journal of Governance and Development Vol. 17, Number 2 (July) 2021, pp: 1–
The Guardian. (2011a). The end of Qaddafi is welcome’ available a http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/aug/23/gaddafi-downfall-britain-intervention (accessed 07 August 2020).
The Guardian (2011b) ‘Libya: A new breed of military intervention’ available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/ aug/25/libya-military-intervention (accessed 07 June 2020).
Thompson, V.B. (1969). Africa and Unity: The Evolution of Pan-Africanism. London: Longman.
UNSC. (2011). ‘UN SC Resolution 1973 in favour of a no-fly zone in Libya’ available at http://www.voltairenet.org/UN-security-council-resolution (accessed 15 August 2011).
Waltz, K. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Reading, M.A: Addison Wesley
Wight, M. (1946). Power Politics. Leicester University Press.
World Threats. (2011). Protests in Libya starts early’ 15 February 2011. Available http://www.worldthreats.com/?p=6291 (accessed 25th August 2020).
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Governance and Development

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Research impact
Harvested 2026-09-08Counts differ between services because each indexes a different body of literature. None of them is the whole picture.










