Journal of Economics and Sustainability
type: channel
description: <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; text-align: justify;">JES is a journal under Economics and Financial Policy Institute (ECOFI), and School of Economics, Banking and Finance (SEFB), Universiti Utara Malaysia. The journal is published twice a year in the months of January and July. JES acknowledges the importance of sustainability in the economic development of nations. Its main objective is to provide a platform for the publication of articles related to issues of economics and sustainability. The papers in the journal include empirical and theoretical findings examining sustainable economic development of nations of developed and developing world. The journal also provides avenues for students, academicians, managers and practitioners in the areas of economics and sustainability to present their research findings. <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; text-align: justify;">The topics covered in JES include, but not limited to, economic development and policies, development and sustainability management, environmental and natural resources economics, public econ…
publisher: UUM Press
language: ms
publication name: Journal of Economics and Sustainability
issn: 2637-1294
items: Beyond Income Poverty: Exploring Digital Divide And Financial Exclusion Among B40 Households In Guar Chempedak, Kedah
items: Access to Finance: Ar-Rahnu as an Alternative Financing to Enhance Financial Inclusion Among Women Micro Entrepreneurs in Malaysia
items: Green Finance as a Growth Driver: Malaysia’s Transition to a Sustainable Economy
items: Identifying the Key Determinants of Firm Productivity in the Manufacturing and Services Sectors in Malaysia
items: DOES ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY AFFECT A COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY? EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES
items: Policy Tools Under Pressure: How Central Banks Respond to Financial Risk from Alliance Shifts and Global Trade Volatility
items: EXPLORING THE DRIVERS OF COFFEE PRODUCTION IN MALAYSIA: A SHORT- AND LONG-TERM ANALYSIS
items: BARRIERS AND DRIVERS FOR ADOPTING THE CHEMICAL LEASING CONCEPT TOWARD SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE FARMING IN SRI LANKA
items: SUSTAINABLE AGROTOURISM IN MALAYSIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT, SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS, AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
items: SOCIOECONOMIC AND ACADEMIC DETERMINANTS OF STUDENT FEE REPAYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM UUM’S DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMME
items: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF PRECAUTIONARY SAVINGS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR KEYNESIAN STIMULUS DURING COVID-19
items: FAMILY VALUE AND CORPORATE TRANSPARENCY: SOCIO-EMOTIONAL WEALTH’S ROLE IN ESG REPORTING
items: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE ARAB MAGHREB UNION: THE ROLE OF ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES
items: MIGRATION PATTERN IN PAYMENT PREFERENCES POST COVID-19 AMONG CONSUMERS IN MALAYSIA
items: GREEN FINANCE AND PRACTICES OF MALAYSIAN BANKS, THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES
items: WHAT PREDICTS THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN MALAYSIA’S FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY?
items: THE INFLUENCE OF THE BOARD CHARACTERISTICS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE NSE-LISTED COMPANIES
items: KESEDIAAN GOLONGAN MISKIN TEGAR MEREBUT TREND BAHARU DI MALAYSIA MENERUSI EKONOMI GIG : SATU TINJAUAN DI CHERAS, KUALA LUMPUR
items: TRADE OPENNESS AND MANUFACTURING GROWTH OF ASIAN ECONOMIES: INVESTIGATING LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR EFFECT
items: State of Entrepreneurship Education in Malaysia: A Critical Review on The Present Setup of Entrepreneurship Programs In Public Universities Malaysia Compare to International
items: Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure: A Systematic Literature Review
items: Parents’ Influence on the Augmented Reality (AR) in Science Subject: Pre-School Education Level
items: MODELING OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG PUBLIC UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA USING PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE-STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (PLS-SEM)
items: THE SOCIAL RESILIENCE OF URBAN POVERTY TOWARD QUALITY OF LIFE IN KUALA LUMPUR
items: FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
items: REVISITING WEAK-FORM EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR SECTORS OF MALAYSIA DURING THE COVID-19 PERIOD
items: EXPLORING THE VIEWS OF MALAYSIAN HOTELIERS ABOUT SURVIVAL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
items: A SURVEY ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM IN MALAYSIA: PUBLIC PRACTITIONERS' PERSPECTIVE
items: THE IMPACT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF LARGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN PENANG
items: The ROLE OF eWOM, FACILITIES, AND EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING TOWARDS REVISIT INTENTION THROUGH TOURISM SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE IN LEDOK SAMBI, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

Beyond Income Poverty: Exploring Digital Divide And Financial Exclusion Among B40 Households In Guar Chempedak, Kedah
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description: This study examines the socioeconomic status of households in Yan District, Kedah, with specific focus on the Guar Chempedak state constituency, encompassing the sub-districts (mukim) of Yan, Singkir, and Sala Besar. Despite Yan's classification among Malaysia's poorest districts, it was paradoxically recognized in the Top 10 Happiest Towns list in 2019, suggesting complex relationships between economic indicators and subjective wellbeing that conventional poverty measurements fail to capture. This study advances existing knowledge on socioeconomic inequality in three critical ways. First, it challenges the adequacy of income-based poverty classification by documenting a digital paradox: while 89.8% of households own smartphones, only 9.5% possess home internet access, revealing how conventional poverty metrics overlook emerging dimensions of digital exclusion that fundamentally constrain economic opportunities in the digital economy era. Second, the study extends multidimensional poverty frameworks by demonstrating that basic needs adequacy (99.7% clothing sufficiency, 99.5% never experiencing hunger) coexists with severe financial vulnerability, with 46.2% of households relying on informal credit sources (family loans and pawnshops), exposing systematic financial exclusion invisible in traditional poverty assessments. Third, through granular occupational analysis, the study identifies substantial within-B40 income stratification, with government employees earning nearly three times fishermen's income (RM2,959.83 versus RM1,016.90), challenging the assumption of B40 homogeneity and revealing the need for differentiated policy interventions within income classifications. Primary data were collected through a census-based survey involving face-to-face interviews with 402 household heads using stratified random sampling across five occupational categories. Results indicate that average household incomes in all mukims fall within the B40 classification (RM2,943–RM3,372…
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creator: Siti Hadijah Che Mat
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 15
ending page: 38
doi: 10.32890/

Access to Finance: Ar-Rahnu as an Alternative Financing to Enhance Financial Inclusion Among Women Micro Entrepreneurs in Malaysia
type: item
description: In Malaysia, the role of women microentrepreneurs is crucial for socio-economic development, poverty alleviation, and the provision of employment opportunities for the lower-income group. Nevertheless, access to finance remains a significant challenge for women micro-entrepreneurs, hindering their entrepreneurial growth and sustainability. Given the numerous financial institutions and government initiatives to foster entrepreneurship, these mechanisms often fail to address the barriers to formal credit. Many women continue to face challenges in accessing finance, such as poor credit records, a lack of formal documentation, and collateral requirements. These are the limitations that often hinder women’s ability to set up businesses, maintain, and grow their operations, thereby affecting their involvement in the economy and limiting their empowerment. To address these issues, this paper explored the role of Ar-Rahnu as an alternative financing option to enhance financial inclusion among women microentrepreneurs in Malaysia. A qualitative method was utilized to obtain an in-depth understanding of Ar-Rahnu as an alternative financing mechanism using semi-structured interviews with women microentrepreneurs in Kelantan. The findings of this study provide insight into the barriers to women’s access to formal financial services and highlight the role of Ar-Rahnu as an alternative financing mechanism for microenterprises. This study demonstrates the benefits for women micro-entrepreneurs, society, and Ar-Rahnu institutions, and highlights the role of Ar-Rahnu and its broader impact on women’s financial empowerment and financial inclusion in the context of Malaysia.
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creator: Siti Nurul Shuhada Deraman
creator: Azwan Abdullah
creator: Nur Farahiah Azmi
creator: Siti Salwani Abdullah
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.32890/

Green Finance as a Growth Driver: Malaysia’s Transition to a Sustainable Economy
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description: As Malaysia advances toward a sustainable economy, green finance has become a key driver of growth and environmental resilience. This study analyses its impact on GDP via capital formation, labour market dynamics, and sustainability outcomes, using ARDL and ECM models on time-series data from 1982–2023. Forecasts for 2024–2044 assess projected growth under green finance policies and structural adjustments. Results show capital investment significantly boosts GDP, while labour force expansion yields limited gains without productivity improvements. Green technology adoption may cause short-term GDP declines due to transitional costs, but it enhances long-term resilience and industrial transformation. Malaysia’s robust adjustment mechanism mitigates temporary fluctuations, sustaining stability. To accelerate this shift, greater investment in green infrastructure, workforce upskilling, and targeted incentives is vital. Aligning financial systems with sustainability goals will reinforce Malaysia’s position as a regional green growth leader, securing both economic prosperity and environmental stewardship.
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creator: Siti Marsila Mhd Ruslan
creator: Kasypi Mokhtar
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 71
ending page: 97
doi: 10.32890/

Identifying the Key Determinants of Firm Productivity in the Manufacturing and Services Sectors in Malaysia
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description: This study investigates the key determinants of firm productivity within the manufacturing and services sectors in Malaysia, focusing on factors such as innovation, training, organizational structure, skilled labour, technology, and firm size. Utilising data from the 2015 Enterprise Survey by the World Bank, the study employs multiple regression and dominance analysis to identify the most influential variables. The results indicate that firm size, particularly large firms, plays a dominant role in enhancing productivity, followed by the geographical location of firms in East and East Coast Malaysia. Additionally, innovation, skilled workers, and a well-organized structure positively impact productivity, while training and technology adoption show a moderate influence. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and business leaders seeking to improve productivity in Malaysian firms, contributing to the nation’s competitiveness in the global market.
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creator: Johamir Johari
creator: Borhan Abdullah
creator: Khairul Hanim Pazim
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 55
ending page: 70
doi: 10.32890/

DOES ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY AFFECT A COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY? EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES
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description: With the continuous increase in the demand for energy, rapid and sustained growth in energy consumption and low growth in energy production, one of the top priorities for sustainable development and environmental protection is to reduce energy usage and improve economic efficiency. Although it is clear that energy productivity has a positive impact on a country’s economic efficiency, how sensitive is the response of economic efficiency is to the increase in energy productivity needs to be analyzed. Hence, our study intends to analyze the effect of energy productivity on economic efficiency in the ASEAN countries. The present study utilizes the advanced methodology of CS-ARDL, which is known for producing robust and reliable results, on the ASEAN region which comprises countries that are still dependent on non-renewable energy, thereby drastically polluting the environment. The findings from the CS-ARDL method revealed that energy productivity has a positive and significant relationship with economic efficiency. Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed, such as adopting renewable energy resources that support environmentally friendly energy production to ensure sustainable energy and encouraging smart energy systems to be installed at government buildings or manufacturing buildings which deploy new technologies that increase energy efficiency.
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creator: Nor Azam Abdul-Razak
creator: Nur Hafizah Ismail
creator: Mohd Zaini Abd Karim
creator: Roslan Abdul-Hakim
creator: Arshian Sharif
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 84
ending page: 101
doi: 10.32890/

Policy Tools Under Pressure: How Central Banks Respond to Financial Risk from Alliance Shifts and Global Trade Volatility
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description: This study investigates how central banks across 35 advanced and emerging economies adjust their monetary policy instruments in response to evolving financial risks arising from shifting geopolitical alliances and global trade volatility between 2010 and 2023. Employing advanced panel econometric techniques, including System Generalised Method of Moments (System GMM), this paper quantifies the dynamic effects of geopolitical risk (GPR) and global trade uncertainty (GTUI) indices on policy interest rates. The findings reveal that both GPR and GTUI exert significant tightening pressure on monetary policy, with emerging markets displaying heightened sensitivity compared to advanced economies. Robustness checks confirm the stability of these results across alternative model specifications and subsamples. Further analysis using impulse-response functions demonstrates the temporal dynamics of policy rate adjustments following shocks to geopolitical risk. The study contributes to the literature by integrating multidimensional global risk measures into the evaluation of central bank behaviour, providing critical insights for policymakers navigating complex international financial environments characterised by alliance shifts and trade disruptions.
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creator: Zulfikar Hasan
creator: Mhd Syahrizan
creator: Nor Razinah Mohd Zain
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-31
publication date: 2026-07-31
starting page: 39
ending page: 54
doi: 10.32890/

EXPLORING THE DRIVERS OF COFFEE PRODUCTION IN MALAYSIA: A SHORT- AND LONG-TERM ANALYSIS
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description: Coffee demand in Malaysia has shown an increasing trend; however, domestic production remains relatively low and unstable. This study examines the short-term and long-term effects of selected macroeconomic variables on coffee production in Malaysia using secondary data from 1982 to 2023 and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The results indicate that, in the long run, climate conditions (proxied by rainfall) and population growth are the main positive drivers of coffee production, reflecting the importance of favourable weather and growing domestic demand. In contrast, cultivated land area and cocoa prices are negatively associated with coffee production, suggesting land-use constraints and crop substitution effects. In the short run, government expenditure and rainfall exert positive influences on output, highlighting the role of policy support and climatic conditions during early adjustment periods. Lagged effects of past production, land use, cocoa prices, and government expenditure also contribute positively, indicating that historical decisions and investments continue to shape current production outcomes. However, adverse weather conditions in previous periods negatively affect yields, underscoring the vulnerability of coffee production to climatic extremes. Overall, the findings suggest that while targeted policy support can facilitate short-term production responses, the long-term sustainability and growth of Malaysia’s coffee sector depend primarily on climate resilience, efficient land use, and demand-driven factors. Strengthening adaptive capacity, improving productivity, and enhancing value-chain efficiency are therefore essential to improve competitiveness and support sustainable development of the coffee industry.
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creator: Anizah Md Ali
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 38
ending page: 57
doi: 10.32890/

BARRIERS AND DRIVERS FOR ADOPTING THE CHEMICAL LEASING CONCEPT TOWARD SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE FARMING IN SRI LANKA
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description: The heavy use of synthetic agrochemicals is a common feature of vegetable farming. This excessive use of agrochemicals underlies fundamental problems related to health degradation, higher vegetable production costs, and environmental damage. The Chemical Leasing Concept (CLC) is based on the premise that it can enable users to reduce the costs associated with high chemical use, reduce environmental and health harms, and curb chemical overuse. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the barriers and drivers to the adoption of the Chemical Leasing Concept. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, and data were collected from 30 full-time, medium-scale vegetable farmers. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis for qualitative data and the Participatory Ranking Method (PRM) for quantitative data. The findings confirmed that the most significant barriers included: (1) farmers’ unawareness of Chemical Leasing, (2) doubt about the practicality of the Chemical Leasing concept, (3) uncertain weather and climate conditions, (4) Chemical Leasing being viewed as a risk, (5) a lack of norms, standards, and frameworks to implement Chemical Leasing, and (6) soil infertility. In contrast, the most significant drivers identified were: (1) saving farmers’ time through convenience, (2) providing a solution to agrochemical shortages, (3) avoiding the import and use of inferior agrochemicals, (4) reducing costs and increasing profits, (5) producing healthier products, and (6) access to expert knowledge. Further, awareness campaigns, trust-building initiatives, and financial risk management schemes were recommended to overcome the identified barriers
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creator: K.R.H.L. Gunasekara
creator: W.M.N.M.S. Bandara
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 16
ending page: 37
doi: 10.32890/

SUSTAINABLE AGROTOURISM IN MALAYSIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT, SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS, AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
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description: This study aims to provide a systematic review of agrotourism in Malaysia, including its development, socio-economic impacts, challenges, and potential to assist in post-COVID-19 recovery, all while aligning with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Utilising a systematic review approach based on the PRISMA guidelines, literature from key academic databases was scrutinised, yielding 20 relevant articles from 2011 to 2024. The review highlights that Malaysia’s agrotourism, strengthened by government policies and entrepreneurial efforts, has potential benefits such as rural income diversification and cultural heritage preservation. However, it also faces challenges, including skill gaps and infrastructure limitations. The study emphasises the need for improved skills training, infrastructure upgrades, sustainability promotion, and targeted marketing efforts. This review contributes to the theoretical understanding of agrotourism’s role in sustainable rural development and the integration of agrotourism within Malaysia’s post-pandemic recovery strategy. The study suggests practical measures for incorporating agrotourism into Malaysia’s recovery plans and identifies avenues for future research, including exploring tourist motivations, assessing community and environmental impacts, examining technological innovations, and evaluating its integration with broader rural development strategies. Overall, this review underscores agrotourism’s potential as a key driver of sustainable rural growth, economic resilience, and the preservation of Malaysia’s cultural and natural heritage.
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creator: MOHD SHAH PAIMEN
creator: Kok Fong See
creator: Siti 'Aisyah Baharudin
creator: Hayyan Nassar Waked
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 15
doi: 10.32890/

SOCIOECONOMIC AND ACADEMIC DETERMINANTS OF STUDENT FEE REPAYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM UUM’S DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMME
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description: The increasing burden of student debt, particularly within higher education institutions, presents a significant challenge for both students and funding institutions. This study seeks to identify the factors that contribute to students' inability to repay their academic fees at Universiti Utara Malaysia. With cross-sectional survey of part -time students, this study analyses the likelihood of fee arrears based on student demographic factors – gender, gender, cumulative grade point average (CGPA), employment status, and marital status. This result of study shows that students with tuition fee arrears are ranging from RM1001 to RM 2000, most likely to be male and married with several years of working experience. By means of binary logistic regression, this study sheds light on how these characteristics influence the repayment behaviour, offering insights for targeted financial interventions. These results contribute strategic recommendation for educational institutional to address student debt effectively and refining financial aid repayment policies.
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creator: Wan Roshidah Fadzim
creator: Mohd Faisol Md. Salleh
creator: Mohd Saifoul Zamzuri Noor
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 88
ending page: 101
doi: 10.32890/jes2025.7.2.5

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF PRECAUTIONARY SAVINGS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR KEYNESIAN STIMULUS DURING COVID-19
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description: During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, policymakers rely on Keynesian-economic stimulus packages (ESP) to help economic agents in surviving from economic stagnation. However, precautionary savings phenomenon can affect ESP effectiveness negatively over time according to precautionary savings theory and permanent income hypothesis, which is greatly underexplored in the literature. Thereupon, this study takes initiative to examine how unprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that are induced by the pandemic cause to the precautionary savings. A critical review was employed and the results highlighted that NPIs, heightened economic uncertainty, long-term income expectations, structural financial constraints, and resultant behavioural shifts are key factors of the precautionary savings behaviour’s outbreak. Besides, degree of economic uncertainty—shaped by severity and duration of the NPIs, future employment prospects, and perceived long-term income shocks are key factors in determining the impact of precautionary savings behaviour on demand transmission mechanism of the Keynesian-ESP. This study concludes that ESP has generate diminishing marginal utilities of consumption and investment relative to saving. These findings call attention to practitioners for a re-examination of Keynesian frameworks by integrating behavioural insights from the other theories, while suggesting policymakers to implement complementary strategies, targeted fiscal measures, and clear communication in alleviating uncertainty and stabilizing lifetime income expectations during crises. Due to some methodological and theoretical limitations, the precise impact of precautionary savings behaviour on the effectiveness of Keynesian-ESP remains ambiguous in this critical review. Thereupon, future research should adopt more robust empirical methodologies and structural models that incorporate longer time horizons and finer micro-level data.
subject: Articles
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creator: Sheng Peng Khoo
creator: Soon Jan Jan
creator: Lim Hock Eam
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.32890/jes2025.7.2.1

FAMILY VALUE AND CORPORATE TRANSPARENCY: SOCIO-EMOTIONAL WEALTH’S ROLE IN ESG REPORTING
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description: As the global emphasis on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) transparency intensifies, the interaction between ESG and the socio-emotional wealth (SEW) of family-controlled firms (FCFs), particularly in developing countries, remains somewhat obscure. This study delves into the dynamics between socio-emotional wealth theory and stakeholder theory to examine how Malaysian FCFs align and incorporate family SEW into their ESG disclosure practices. Utilizing weighted least squares regression to analyze data from 2018 to 2022, the research uncovers that Malaysian FCFs enhance ESG transparency in a manner that aligns with their family’s SEW, primarily facilitated by family chairmen rather than family CEOs. Conversely, the presence of family executive directors was found to inversely affect ESG reporting. This investigation significantly advances the field of family business and ESG studies by shedding light on the subtle yet impactful roles FCFs play in advancing ESG transparency and the complexities of family involvement in ESG reporting.
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creator: Richard Seow Yeaw Chong
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 63
ending page: 87
doi: 10.32890/jes2025.7.2.4

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE ARAB MAGHREB UNION: THE ROLE OF ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES
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description: This paper investigates the direct effects of FDI inflows and institutional quality on the economic growth of the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) countries over the period 1996 to 2022. The study also evaluates whether institutional quality influences the relationship between FDI and growth by incorporating an interaction term between FDI and institutional quality. Institutional quality is measured using the control of corruption score of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). The analysis is based on panel data estimation models, with the Hausman test applied to choose between the fixed effect model (FEM) and the random effect model (REM). The results reveal that FDI inflows do not significantly impact economic growth in AMU countries. Also, institutional quality does not directly influence economic growth, reflecting the underdevelopment of institutions in the region. Instead, the coefficient of the interaction term is negative and significant, suggesting that institutional quality negatively impacts the FDI-growth relationship. Inflation and labor force index are found to significantly and positively influence economic growth. Surprisingly, the human capital index exerts a negative effect on economic growth in AMU countries. The policy implications in respect of these ﬁndings include that the policymakers in the AMU countries should pay speciﬁc attention to the development of human capital and improving absorptive capacities from institutional quality to perceive FDI as a growth driver.
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creator: Younes Boubechtoula
creator: Muhammad Irwan Ariffin
creator: Jarita Duasa
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 19
ending page: 43
doi: 10.32890/jes2025.7.2.2

MIGRATION PATTERN IN PAYMENT PREFERENCES POST COVID-19 AMONG CONSUMERS IN MALAYSIA
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to explore the patterns of migration in consumer payment preferences and to investigate the pattern of changes in payment preferences of daily transactions by type and value of transactions and to compare consumers’ overall perception of the selected common retail payment methods. A total of 407 responses were collected through an online survey. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors that can significantly influence consumers’ migration of payment preferences. The findings of the study show that Cash to E-wallets is the biggest shift in payment preference, lower-income consumers are less likely to change their payment preferences and the biggest change in payment preferences in the type of transactions were transactions in food stalls and convenience stores. Furthermore, the highest shift away from cash to E-wallets was in transactions below RM100 while a significant shift from cash to cards payments was for transactions above RM100. Economic factors such as income and technological receptiveness proxied by age have significant influence on the changes in payment preferences during crises. The observed shifts in preferences suggest inherent differences in the features and functionalities offered by various payment methods. This study sheds light on the migration trends in payment preferences, highlighting the unique characteristics of various payment methods. Understanding consumer perceptions of these methods can help payment providers to develop and promote targeted solutions.
subject: Articles
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creator: Ooi Siang Lun
creator: Loke Yiing Jia
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 44
ending page: 62
doi: 10.32890/jes2025.7.2.3

GREEN FINANCE AND PRACTICES OF MALAYSIAN BANKS, THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES
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description: This research delves into green finance and green banking practices, an area well-known within academia and the financial industry. However, there is still much to uncover, especially the environmental impacts they bring. Although various studies have been conducted on these topics, their scopes vary, and their findings are mixed. Due to limited data availability, this study extracted information on green finance and green practices through climate related disclosure from reports of four selected Malaysian banks and relevant environmental data from respective websites. Using the data collected for 2017-2022, green finance, green practices and environmental data were descriptively analyzed. Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression was used to examine four dependent variables and determine the implications of green finance (total proceed of green finance) and green practices (total logarithm of greenhouse gas emissions by banks) on the environment. The study's findings indicated significant effects of green finance by the Malaysian banks on the environment. Moreover, the study identified two potential challenges that could impede Malaysian banks' implementation of green finance. This underscores the importance of future studies on green finance to address these challenges and utilize larger sample sizes, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data on green finance.
subject: Articles
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creator: Noor Affendi Ismail
creator: Noor Fadhzana Mohd Noor
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 58
ending page: 83
doi: 10.32890/

WHAT PREDICTS THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN MALAYSIA’S FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY?
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description: The present study focuses on the technical efficiency of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Large-scale enterprises (LSEs) in Malaysia's food processing industry by adopting Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit regression. The empirical results provide that the SMEs technical efficiency score in constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS) are 0.940 and 0.986 respectively which indicates the SMEs can enhance the level of output by 6 per cent for CRS and 1.4 per cent for VRS by using the given level of inputs. Moreover, the technical efficiency level of LSE is 0.673 and 0.942 from CRS and VRS respectively. The finding also suggests that the training cost, research and development, and foreign direct investment positively affect technical efficiency while information and technology, public infrastructure, and trade openness negatively affect the technical efficiency in SMEs. On the other hand, government infrastructure and trade openness have a positive connection with the technical efficiency of LSEs in Malaysia's food processing industry. Contradiction, research and development, and world oil price are negatively affecting the technical efficiency in LSEs which means the higher of these variables, the higher the efficiency in LSEs.
subject: Articles
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creator: Lee Yong Chin
creator: Ghee Thean Lim
creator: Lean Hooi Hooi
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 36
ending page: 53
doi: 10.32890/jes2025.7.1.3.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE BOARD CHARACTERISTICS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE OF THE NSE-LISTED COMPANIES
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description: This article examines how the size of the board, the presence of women on the board, and the critical mass of women on the board affect the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of companies listed on the NSE. This study is a cross-sectional analysis that relies on secondary data from the CRISIL database and examines a sample of 973 companies listed on the NSE. The Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited (CRISIL) assigns an ESG score to assess Indian firms' ESG performance. We collected data on female representation and board size from the yearly reports of the firms and their respective websites. Our investigation findings indicate that Indian corporations prioritize social and governance issues more significantly than environmental concerns. The results indicate that the board characteristics have a varied impact on the ESG performance of the companies listed on the NSE.
subject: Articles
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creator: Shankar Lal
creator: Mehak Arora
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 19
ending page: 35
doi: 10.32890/jes2025.7.1.2

KESEDIAAN GOLONGAN MISKIN TEGAR MEREBUT TREND BAHARU DI MALAYSIA MENERUSI EKONOMI GIG : SATU TINJAUAN DI CHERAS, KUALA LUMPUR
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description: Kemajuan dalam teknologi maklumat khususnya dengan wujudnya Internet telah merubah kehidupan manusia. Selain digunakan untuk pelbagai manfaat, Internet juga didapati turut memberikan pengaruh terhadap sektor perniagaan. Kini, perniagaan secara atas talian telah mewujudkan potensi besar untuk diteroka. Justeru, disinilah ekonomi gig memainkan peranannya, dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital. Kajian ini memfokuskan tiga objektif iaitu pertama, bagi meneliti dan mendapatkan maklumbalas kumpulan rentan yang terdiri dari kumpulan miskin bandar terhadap sikap dan penerimaan terhadap ekonomi gig, ke dua, untuk memahami isu, halangan serta cabaran dihadapi oleh kumpulan ini dalam menyertai ekonomi gig dan yang terakhir adalah bagi mendapatkan cadangan dari mereka terhadap rencana Kerajaan untuk memajukan ekonomi gig. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis kandungan dan temubual kumpulan berfokus telah dilaksanakan. Dapatan kajian mendapati secara umumnya informan menunjukkan sikap dan penerimaan positif terhadap usaha kerajaan Malaysia untuk memajukan ekonomi gig di Malaysia. Pun begitu, terdapat beberapa isu telah diketengahkan antaranya adalah akses terhadap internet khusus di kawasan pedalaman, kemahiran perniagaan secara online, persaingan serta kos. Beberapa cadangan telah dikemukakan antaranya gesaan kepada Kerajaan untuk mempromosikan ekonomi gig secara meluas dan bersasar serta menyediakan insentif khusus kepada kumpulan rentan. Kajian ini sekaligus menyokong usaha kerjaaan Malaysia untuk melaksanakan satu dasar yang lebih menyeluruh dalam aspek kawal selia ekonomi gig. Diharapkan dengan kerangka dasar ini akan membantu memacu ekonomi rakyat, sekali gus membantu Kerajaan membasmi kemiskinan di kalangan rakyat dengan memaksimakan manfaat dari tekonologi digital dan ekonomi gig.
subject: Articles
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creator: Noorazam Mohd Noor
creator: Mazlan Che Soh
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.32890/jes2025.7.1.1

TRADE OPENNESS AND MANUFACTURING GROWTH OF ASIAN ECONOMIES: INVESTIGATING LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR EFFECT
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description: This study investigates the linear and non-linear effects of trade openness on manufacturing growth in 35 selected Asian economies from 2004 to 2022. Using linear and quadratic regression specifications derived from the production function framework of growth, panel data fixed effects models, two-stage least square (2SLS) method, and two-step difference and system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation techniques, the study uncovers significant findings. The results from the linear static and dynamic specifications indicate a positive and significant impact of trade openness on manufacturing growth. Moreover, factors such as tariff rate, financial development, control of corruption, foreign direct investment, and foreign exchange reserve also play a significant role in influencing manufacturing growth in the Asian economies. The study further reveals that the relationship between trade openness and manufacturing growth is non-linear. While additional trade openness initially has a positive effect on manufacturing value-added growth, beyond a certain threshold, the marginal impact of trade openness becomes negative. This study makes valuable contributions to the existing literature by providing evidence on the linear effect of trade openness on manufacturing growth and by being the first to analyze the optimality or non-linearity of trade openness specifically in the Asian region. The findings suggest that higher levels of trade openness offer opportunities for knowledge sharing, technological advancements, innovation, increased productivity, access to new capital goods, and attraction of foreign investment in the manufacturing sector. However, the study emphasizes the importance of specialization in producing high-quality goods and developing expertise to achieve sustained growth in the manufacturing sector.
subject: Articles
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creator: Banna Banik
creator: Tahsina Akter
creator: Chandan Kumar Roy
creator: Rabiul Hossain
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 76
ending page: 94
doi: 10.32890/jes2025.7.1.5

State of Entrepreneurship Education in Malaysia: A Critical Review on The Present Setup of Entrepreneurship Programs In Public Universities Malaysia Compare to International
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description: This study provides a comprehensive exploration of entrepreneurship education in Malaysia, focusing on institutional and government initiatives to stimulate innovation, economic growth, and job creation. Despite compulsory entrepreneurship subjects in public universities, a significant rise in graduate entrepreneurs remains elusive. The study assesses the state of entrepreneurship programs in Malaysian institutions and benchmarks them against Babson University in the United States. Content analysis and interviews scrutinize program outcomes and course offerings in Universiti Utara Malaysia and Universiti Malaysia Kelantan comparing them with Babson University. Secondary data, obtained through desktop reviews, illuminate Malaysia's entrepreneurship education courses, assessed through university websites. Literature searches across databases and primary qualitative data offer in-depth insights, employing a mixed-methods approach to comprehensively address the research problem. Triangulation enhances data credibility, while qualitative and quantitative data from experienced entrepreneurs illuminate practical implications. Findings underscore the need for foundational entrepreneurship education, practical skills, and diverse courses. They emphasize a shift from a grade-centered to an experiential learning-focused approach, echoing calls for educational reform.
subject: Articles
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creator: Sabirah Sulaiman
creator: Siti Nur Liyana Mohd Yusof
creator: Mazdan Ali Amaran
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-30
publication date: 2024-07-30
starting page: 84
ending page: 103
doi: 10.32890/jes2024.6.2.5

Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure: A Systematic Literature Review
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description: Corporate social responsibility (CSR), a concept which existed for almost a century, is gaining traction in both commercial and academic spheres. Firms are experiencing greater pressures to realize more reasons to make more non-financial disclosures, especially on information related to their CSR initiatives. Even though some countries have implemented some forms of mandatory disclosure requirements, corporate executives continue to retain substantial autonomy in deciding the quality and extent of their corporate social responsibility disclosures (CSRDs). 128 articles published from 2006 to 2022 were found in the Scopus and Web of Science databases using a systematic literature review technique. This study offers a comprehensive mapping of the research works conducted, theoretical frameworks cited, and various determinants of CSRD. This study reveals that legitimacy theory, agency theory, and stakeholder theory are commonly cited in CSRD literature. Many country-level, firm-level, and individual-level determining factors affecting the quality and quantity of CSRD were discovered. This research made valuable contributions to the extant literature on CSR across multiple dimensions. Lastly, this study also identifies potential research avenues for academics to further the expanding body of knowledge in CSR.
subject: Articles
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creator: Richard Yeaw Chong Seow
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-30
publication date: 2024-07-30
starting page: 37
ending page: 67
doi: 10.32890/jes2024.6.2.3

Parents’ Influence on the Augmented Reality (AR) in Science Subject: Pre-School Education Level
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description: Various technologies and e-learning tools have been adopted in the teaching and learning process. This transformation has not only affected the teachers and students, but also parents, school management and other stakeholders. This research aims to investigate Malaysian parents’ awareness, attitudes, and social influence and willingness in shaping their own perception toward the adoption of augmented reality (AR), embedded in the science subjects, at the level of pre-school education. In this research, a total of 210 parents who have kid(s) studying in the kindergartens have responded to the questionnaire. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) is employed in this study to analyze the proposed external factors of the adoption of AR technology in the science subjects at the pre-school education. The results show that parents’ attitudes and their awareness of AR technology positively affect their perception of adopting AR technology.
subject: Articles
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creator: Siew-Pong Cheah
creator: Feng-Mei Liew
creator: Chuan-Chew Foo
creator: Chooi-Yi Wei
creator: Sing-Yan Looi
creator: Mei-Si Chia
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-30
publication date: 2024-07-30
starting page: 68
ending page: 83
doi: 10.32890/jes2024.6.2.4

MODELING OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG PUBLIC UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA USING PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE-STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (PLS-SEM)
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description: ABSTRACT This study presents a comprehensive examination of the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate accounting students in a public university, with a particular focus on higher education. Drawing upon the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB), the study delves into the psychological aspects of entrepreneurial intention, aiming to deepen our understanding of the key constructs that shape entrepreneurial behavior. A survey involving 520 final year accounting students was conducted, utilizing questionnaires comprising 18 items that measured attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, perceived behavioral influence, and the desire to pursue entrepreneurship. The study sought to determine the impact of attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on students' intentions to become entrepreneurs. Employing the PLS-SEM technique and employing the bootstrapping method, the research models were tested to establish the relationships between the constructs. Both the measurement (outer) model and the structural (inner) model of the latent constructs were examined. The findings provided strong support for all seven hypotheses, revealing significant relationships between the variables under investigation. The overall results of the study offer valuable insights to stakeholders and policymakers, contributing to the establishment of a thriving entrepreneurial ecosystem that benefits the nation. By shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of entrepreneurship, this analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors driving entrepreneurial behavior.
subject: Articles
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creator: Siti Nur Liyana Mohd Yusof
creator: Sabirah Sulaiman
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 54
ending page: 75
doi: 10.32890/jes2025.7.1.4

THE SOCIAL RESILIENCE OF URBAN POVERTY TOWARD QUALITY OF LIFE IN KUALA LUMPUR
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description: Urban poverty in Malaysia has become a more prominent problem that is increasingly risking the quality of life. Meanwhile, resilience plays a very vital role in poor urban communities. Poverty will hinder sustainable development and a better quality of life. Improving the quality of life has always been the focus of the Malaysian government. Recent years have seen attempts to address this need for more community resilience research that investigates the impacts of poverty. Thus, examining a community’s resilience to poverty will produce communities that are resilient to urban pressures and challenges to improve their quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the social resilience of urban poverty toward quality of life in Kuala Lumpur. This study showed that higher resilience in poor communities can be justified by determining social resilience, such as participation in the community, decision-making and community trust. This study used quantitative methods for data collection. The questionnaire was administered using a sample of 400 respondents from urban poor households in Kuala Lumpur. Descriptive and correlation regression analysis was in this study. The findings of this study showed that the relationship between social resilience, participation in the community of the urban poor in Kuala Lumpur, and quality of life is significant.
subject: Articles
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creator: Nur Fikriyah Alias
creator: Nor Fatimah Che Sulaiman
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-07-25
publication date: 2023-07-25
starting page: 43
ending page: 57
doi: 10.32890/jes2023.5.2.3

FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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description: This study is conducted to validate the effectiveness of financial development in reducing poverty. The study adopted a Systematic Quantitative Assessment Technique and reviewed 91 financial development and poverty alleviation articles published between 2010–2022 to provide insight into the efficacy of financial development in reducing poverty and producing a blueprint for the government for possible adoption. The study also intends to know whether financial development successfully reduced poverty, highlight the evidence showing the success of financial development in reducing poverty, how financial development strategies were implemented to reduce poverty in other countries, and why financial development has been ineffective in reducing poverty. The reviewed articles revealed that financial development benefits the poor by increasing their access to various funding sources, thus improving well-being and reducing poverty. Similarly, it was revealed that lack of institutional quality and low financial penetration are the major reasons why financial development may not successfully reduce poverty. Thus, this study presented a FACI Blueprint to help the government effectively reduce poverty in countries where financial development is weak and unable to reduce poverty.
subject: Articles
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creator: Lucas Elumah
creator: Muritala Taiwo
creator: Umaru Zubairu
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-31
publication date: 2024-01-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.32890/jes2024.6.1.1

REVISITING WEAK-FORM EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR SECTORS OF MALAYSIA DURING THE COVID-19 PERIOD
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description: There are plenty of literature on the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) especially for a stock market, but relatively fewer studies for across sectors. We look into the weak-form informational efficiency for twelve sectors in the Malaysia’s stock exchange, i.e. Consumer Products & Services (KLCSU), Construction (KLCON), Energy (KLENG), Financial Services (KLFIN), Health Care (KLHEAL), Industrial Products & Services (KLPRO), Property (KLPRP), Plantation (KLPLN), Transportation & Logistics (KLTRAN), Telecommunications & Media (KLTEL), Utilities (KLUTL), and Technology (KLTEC) during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. We use QTEST (without trend) and TQTEST (with trend) which incorporate two structural breaks to carry out the analysis. Data are collected from 1/1/2020 through 31/3/2022. These indices show non-linearity and structural breaks in data. The findings of our study suggest mixed results in regard to informational efficiency when breaks are taken. Four indices, i.e. KLCON, KLFIN, KLPRP, and KLUTL are found to be inefficient while the remaining eight sectors are found to be efficient. Investors can predict the movements of stocks in the inefficient indices and are able to gain abnormal returns from these stocks. Policymakers may encourage investors to have more trades; so that to make the market more efficient by gradually eliminating the opportunities on earning abnormal returns.
subject: Articles
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creator: Qaiser Munir
creator: Sook Ching Kok
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-31
publication date: 2024-01-31
starting page: 78
ending page: 86
doi: 10.32890/jes2024.6.1.5

EXPLORING THE VIEWS OF MALAYSIAN HOTELIERS ABOUT SURVIVAL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
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description: The sudden new crown pneumonia epidemic has had a huge impact on tourism, as well as hospitality industry in Malaysia. This paper analyses the views and reaction in crisis management practices pursued by hotel managers for business survival during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, in-depth interviews were carried out on the managers of Malaysian hotels (five managers from 3-star hotels, and four managers from 5-star hotels). The results indicated that the labour actions (e.g., unpaid leave, salary cut and layoff) were the first and most favour by hotels to respond to the COVID-19. However, it causes the shortage of manpower when the hospitality industry resumes back at the recent stage. This is one of the main challenges faced by hoteliers. Digital marketing and promotion were another strategy implemented by hotels to increase occupancy rate during the pandemic. In addition, views on government supports to the hotels during the pandemic were also identified.
subject: Articles
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creator: Kai Xin Tay
creator: Nur Hidayah Nordin
creator: Le Xian Lim
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-31
publication date: 2024-01-31
starting page: 62
ending page: 77
doi: 10.32890/jes2024.6.1.4

A SURVEY ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM IN MALAYSIA: PUBLIC PRACTITIONERS' PERSPECTIVE
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description: This study aims to determine the importance of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) programs as perceived by public practitioners in Malaysia. Other than that, we examine the differences in perceptions between groups of public practitioners, particularly from the PPP unit, the Ministry of Finance (MOF), and implementing ministries/agencies pertaining to the same matter. The study also explores public practitioners' opinions on the program's weaknesses and possible improvements for future undertakings. A questionnaire survey was utilised to elicit the perceptions of public practitioners concerning the importance of the PPP programme. Here, 106 usable responses were obtained and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to rank the programme’s important rationale. Subsequently, it examines the differences in perceptions between groups through descriptive statistics, mean scores, and Kruskal-Wallis test analysis. Subjective responses have also been elicited to obtain respondents’ input on the weaknesses of the PPP programme and suggestions for future improvement. The results reveal that the crucial reason for PPP is to enhance private sector participation in economic development. Furthermore, overall responses suggest that every 14-rationale inquiry is either moderately important, important, or strongly important, with reasons relating to economic growth and development becoming the leading objective for PPP. Apart from that, the findings indicate no significant differences in perception among groups of respondents in the public sector. For the subjective responses, some respondents have highlighted many valuable inputs, and some require further qualitative research to analyse the issue independently.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
  topic: subjects
subject: Array
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creator: Amir Faisal Che Abdul
creator: Suhaimi Mhd Sarif
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-07-25
publication date: 2023-07-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 24
doi: 10.32890/jes2023.5.2.1

THE IMPACT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF LARGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN PENANG
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description: This paper examines the impact of Covid-19 and movement control orders on large manufacturing firms in Penang, a major industrial hub in Malaysia with notable participation in the global value chain and identifies the response strategies undertaken by large manufacturing firms for this crisis. This study employs an exploratory qualitative research analysis based on a purposive sampling technique to gather data using an online semi-structured expert interview, with 22 large local and foreign manufacturing firms in Penang responding to the interview. The findings suggest that most of the firms expected a loss of business revenue, disrupted supply chains, employee redundancy, and an increase in government support. Persevering and innovation strategy is the most popular measure taken on by large manufacturing firms, and none of the firms interviewed choose pure persevering as a sole strategy to combat the crisis. The study provides an understanding of strategic responses undertaken by large manufacturing firms. Besides that, the study provides inputs to the government, industry, and policymakers' suggested policy interventions to improve future crisis management.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Wooi Leng Ong
creator: Siu Ming Lee
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-31
publication date: 2024-01-31
starting page: 41
ending page: 61
doi: 10.32890/jes2024.6.1.3

The ROLE OF eWOM, FACILITIES, AND EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING TOWARDS REVISIT INTENTION THROUGH TOURISM SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE IN LEDOK SAMBI, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of eWOM, facilities, and experiential marketing on revisit intention through tourist satisfaction as an intervening variable. The sample used was tourists who visited Ledok Sambi in Sleman, Yogyakarta with a total sample of 100 respondents. The data collection method uses questionnaires with accidental sampling techniques, while data analysis techniques use inferential analysis consisting of indicator tests, fit model tests, hypothesis tests, and path analysis with the help of smart pls 3.2.9 analysis tools. The results of the study showed that eWOM does not affect tourist satisfaction, facilities have a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction, experiential marketing has a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction, eWOM has no effect on revisit intention, facilities do not affect revisit intention, experiential marketing does not affect revisit intention, tourist satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on revisit intention, tourist satisfaction is unable to mediate the relationship between eWOM and revisit intention, tourist satisfaction is unable to mediate the relationship between facilities and revisit intention, tourist satisfaction is unable to mediate the relationship between experiential marketing and revisit intention. The results of this study are expected to be a reference and input for managers to improve what factors can increase satisfaction and revisit intention for tourists and can be used as a reference for further research.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Utami Rakhmawati
creator: Muinah Fadhilah
creator: Ambar Lukitaningsih
rights: Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Journal of Economics and Sustainability http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-30
publication date: 2024-07-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.32890/jes2024.6.2.1