Isu Syariah dalam Jual Beli Tiket Penerbangan atas Talian: Analisis Perspektif Gharar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32890/ijib2018.3.2.1Keywords:
Tiket Penerbangan, Isu-Isu Syariah, Gharar, PenggunaAbstract
Perkembangan sains dan teknologi telah memberi kesan terhadap pelbagai urusan transaksi manusia. Ia memudahkan urusan para pengguna di samping dapat menjimatkan masa dan kos. Umpamanya, jual beli tiket penerbangan pada hari ini telah menggunakan kaedah jual beli atas talian secara meluas. Walaupun begitu, transaksi yang dilakukan telah menimbul pelbagai isu. Antaranya kekeliruan dalam pengiklanan, wujudnya caj tambahan yang bersifat tersembunyi dan manipulasi harga. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini membincangkan tentang konsep yang diguna pakai dalam jual beli tiket penerbangan serta isu-isu yang berlaku di samping isu-isu syariah yang berkait rapat dengan urusan jual beli tersebut. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pengkaji menggunakan kajian kepustakaan dan lapangan (temu bual) bagi mengumpulkan data. Data kualitatif daripada kajian kepustakaan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan manakala data temu bual dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah deskriptif. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa dalam transaksi jual beli tiket penerbangan atas talian terdapat beberapa isu yang timbul dan berdasarkan analisis perspektif syariah, wujudnya unsur gharar pada beberapa keadaan. Justeru, bagi mencapai tahap patuh Syariah dalam proses jual beli tiket penerbangan secara atas talian, unsur tersebut perlu ditangani sebaiknya oleh pengendali syarikat penerbangan.
ABSTRACT
The development of science and technology had an impact on the various human transactions. It facilitates consumer’s business beside able to save time and cost. For example today, the activity of purchasing flight’s tickets have been widely used online. Nevertheless, this transaction that have taken place have raised many issues. Among them the misleading in advertisment, the existence of additional hidden charges and price manipulation. In this regard, the study will discuss the concepts that are used in airline ticket sales and the issues arise from this transaction as well as the issues that are related to sharī‘ah. In order to achieve this objective, the researchers used library and field studies (interviews) to collect data. The qualitative data from library study was analyzed using the content analysis method while the interview data was analyzed using the descriptive method. The findings found that in online flight ticket deals there were several issues were arised and based on the analysis of the syariah perspective, as well asthe existence of gharar elements in some circumstances. Hence, in order to achieve Shariah-compliant levels in the process of online flight ticket purchase, the element should be handled by airline operators.
Keywords: Flight Ticket, Shariah Issues, Gharar, Customer
Downloads
References
Abbas J. Ali dan Abdulrahman Al-Aali (2015), Marketing and Ethics: What Islamic Ethics Have Contributed and the Challenges Ahead. J Bus Ethics 129: 833–845. Ahmad Sufian Che Abdullah (Pensyarah Kanan (PhD), Jabatan Syariah dan Pengurusan, Akademi Pengajian Islam. Universiti Malaya), dalam temubual dengan pengkaji pada 12 Disember 2017.
Aishah Sabki, Pervaiz K. Ahmed dan Glenn Hardaker (2004). Developing an E-Commerce Solution: A Case Study of Time Extra, Journal of Enterprise Information Management 17(5): 388-401.
Al-Qarafi, Abū ‘Abbas Shihabuddin Ahmad (2003), Al-Furūq.Dar Al-Salām.
Al-Sarakhsī, Shamsuddin, (1989), Al-Mabṣūt. Beirūt: Dār al-Ma‘rifah.
Al-Shirazi, Ibrahim Ibn Ali (1959), Al-Muhadhdhab fī Fiqh Al-Imām Al-Shāfi‘ī, ed. Ke 2. Beirūt: Dār Al-‘Urfah.
Al-Zarqā Musṭafā Ahmad (2004). Al-Madkhāl Al-Fiqhī Al-‘Am. Damsyik: Dār Al-Qalam, 1:97.
Al-Zuḥailī, Wahbah (1983), Al-Fiqh al-Islamī wa Adillatuhu ed. ke 2. Damsyik: Dār al-Fikr, 1985, 4: 435.
Angela Stefania Bergantino dan Claudia Capozza (2015). One price for all? Price discrimination and market captivity: Evidence from the Italian city-pair markets. Transportation Research Part A 75: 231–244.
Arianis Chan, Ratih Purbasari dan Pratami Wulan Tresna (2017). Sharia Marketing Analysis in Noor Hotel Bandung. Makalah, 3rd Accounting and Business Conference, Bandung.
Bernama (2018), “Mavcom denda AirAsia, AirAsia X kerana iklan harga mengelirukan”, http://www.bernama.com/bm/news.php?id=1672019, dicapai pada 5 Disember 2018.
Chin-Fa Tsai dan Chih-Hui Hsiao (2015). The Effects of Price Promotion Framing of Travel Products on Consumers’ Perception: Promotion Depth and Need for Cognition as Moderators. Marketing Review 12(1): 1-26.
Davide Scotti dan Martin Dresner (2015). The Impact Of Baggage Fees On Passenger Demand On US Air Routes. Transport Policy 43: 4-10. Ibn Hazm ‘Alī Ibn Ahmad Ibn Sa‘īd (2002), Al-Muhallā bi al-Athār. Beirūt: Dar Al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Johari Abdullah, Jamil Haji Hamali dan Firdaus Abdullah (2015). Success Strategies In Islamic Marketing Mix. International Journal of Business and Society 6(3): 480–499.
June Wei dan Ant Ozok (2005). Development of a Web-Based Mobile Airline Ticketing Model with Usability Features. Journal Industrial Management and Data Systems 105(9): 1261-1277.
Kevin E. Henrickson dan John Scott (2015). Baggage Fees and Changes in Airline Ticket Prices. Pricing Behavior and Non-Price Characteristics in the Airline Industry, 177-192. Kod Perlindungan Pengguna Penerbangan Malaysia 2016, https://www.mavcom.my/wpcontent/uploads/2016/07/pub_20160630_P.U.-B-305.pdf, dicapai pada 31 Nov 2018. Mahamatayuding Samah (Pensyarah Kanan (PhD), Jabatan Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Akademi Pengajian
Islam, Universiti Malaya), dalam temubual dengan pengkaji, pada 4 Disember 2017. International Journal of Islamic Business | December 2018 | VOL 3 ISSUE 2 | Page 01-eISSN : 0127-662X |
Muatasim Ismaeel dan Kaharina Blaim (2012), Toward applied Islamic business ethics: responsible halal business, Journal of Management Development 31(10): 1090-1100.
Nadhirah Nordin, Sumayyah Abdul Aziz, Azlin Alisa Ahmad dan Normadiah Daud (2014) Contracting with Gharar (Uncertainty) in Forward Contract: What Does Islam Says?. Asian Social Science 10(15), 1-11. Nuradli Ridzwan Shah Mohd Dali, Mohd Zainal Munshid Harun, Faizah Khalid dan Hanifah Abdul Hamid (2012). Economic in Islamic Perspectives. The Theoretical Framework, Key Success Factor and Challenge for Islamic E-Commerce (Makalah, Business Proceeding of knowledge Management International
Conference, Pulau Pinang, 13-15 Februari 2012).
Romani S. (2017) Price Misleading Advertising: Effects on Trustworthiness toward the source of information and willingness to buy. Journal of Product and Brand Management 15(2): 130-138.
Siti Mujiatun (2013), Jual Beli dalam Perspektif Islam: Salam Dan Istisna’, Jurnal Akutansi dan Bisnis 13(2): 202216.
Waemustafa dan Suriani Sukri (2016) Theory of Gharar and its Interpretation of Risk and Uncertainty from the Perspectives of Authentic Hadith and the Holy Quran Review: Riview of Literatures. Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance 12(20), 94-111.
Wizārah al-Awqāf wa al-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyyah (1983), Al-Mawsū'ah Al-Fiqhiyah Al-Kuwaitiyyah ed. ke 2. Kuwait: Kementerian Wakaf dan Urusan Agama Kuwait. X, laman sesawang Syarikat Penerbangan X, dicapai 30 September 2017. Y, laman sesawang Syarikat Penerbangan Y, dicapai 31 November 2017.
Yin Yang, Paul Humphreys dan Ronan McIvor (2006). Business Service Quality in an E-Commerce Environment. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 11(3), 195-201.
Yong Lin, Jing Luo, Shuqin Cai, Shihua Ma, Ke Rong (2016). Exploring The Service Quality In The E-Commerce Context: A Triadic View. Industrial Management and Data Systems 116(3), 388-415.
You Hao (2016). "No Frills = No Thrills?” An Econometric Study of the Effects of Airline Baggage Fee Charges, makalah: Phillips Memorial Library Undergraduate Craft of Research Prize, 4-29.
