Applied History Journal of Merong Mahawangsa
Applied History Journal of Merong Mahawangsa (AHJMM) is a refereed journal published yearly (July) by Universiti Utara Malaysia for the School of Languages, Civilisation and Philosophy. This journal serves as a medium for sharing of ideas amongst academics, practitioners, experts and researches as well as those interested in the discipline of history. It’s focuses on any writing related to pure history, applied history and public history. AHJMM also accepts articles pertaining to aspects of historical management which relevant to social sciences, nationhood studies, religion, civilisation, philosophy and thoughts which are parallel to the fields advocated promoted by UUM. AHJMM is an open access journal and practices the principle of single-blind review by expertise both from abroad or local referees.
EVALUATING CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM THROUGH A MULTIDIMENSIONAL LENS: METHODS, MODELS, AND THE CASE OF THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
Cultural heritage tourism plays a pivotal role in the preservation of both tangible and intangible heritage while contributing to regional socio-economic development. This study addresses the growing needs to evaluate the multidimensional value of cultural heritage amid rapid tourism expansion. The objective is to systematically review the development of cultural heritage tourism and examine contemporary methods used for heritage value assessment. Methodologically, this research adopts a literature review approach, analyzing domestic and international sources to explore qualitative and quantitative evaluation tools, including Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), factor analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the Travel Cost Method (TCM), and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Case analyses—particularly the Great Wall Cultural Heritage Corridor and its incorporation into China’s National Cultural Park framework—highlight the evolving practices of integrated conservation, digital engagement, and community participation. Findings reveal a predominance of economic and tangible asset valuation in current literature, with insufficient attention paid to socio-cultural dimensions such as collective memory, identity, and local participation. The paper concludes that sustainable cultural heritage tourism requires a more inclusive and community-centered governance model, alongside innovative strategies such as immersive digital technologies and cross-sector collaboration. This multidimensional and dynamic approach ensures heritage remains a living cultural asset while balancing conservation and development goals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xuehe Hou, Zulhilmi Bin Paidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KOMUNITI DAN PERUBAHAN: MENELUSURI SEJARAH PEMBANGUNAN KOMUNITI DI TANAH MELAYU
Pendudukan British di negara ini telah meninggalkan kesan yang mendalam terhadap keadaan sosioekonomi masyarakat Tanah Melayu khususnya semasa era pemerintahan British dan selepas kemerdekaan. Keadaan ini diumpamakan sebagai bagaimana rupa acuan begitulah apa yang berlaku selepasnya. Tidak dinafikan keadaan sosioekonomi masyarakat Melayu sebelum kemasukan penjajah Barat masih belum maju dari pelbagai aspek terutamanya ekonomi dan pendidikan. Ini disebabkan oleh sikap masyarakat Melayu yang belum mahu berubah, kekurangan ilmu dan teknologi moden. Masyarakat Melayu banyak terlibat dalam bidang-bidang bukan komersial dan tidak memerlukan kemahiran yang tinggi. Keadaan ini dilihat tidak banyak berubah semasa pendudukan British. Untuk itu, kerajaan Tanah Melayu telah berusaha untuk mengubah kehidupan masyarakat Melayu melalui program pembangunan masyarakat di bawah rancangan pembangunan luar bandar. Kajian ini dilakukan terhadap salah satu program yang diperkenalkan oleh kerajaan Tanah Melayu yang bertujuan bagi membangunkan masyarakat Tanah Melayu pada waktu itu melalui Pembangunan Komuniti atau dikenali sebagai Community Development. Pembangunan Komuniti merupakan usaha menyeluruh kerajaan bagi memastikan masyarakat luar bandar maju dari pelbagai aspek kehidupan dan mampu bersaing dengan kaum yang lain. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi sejarah yang melibatkan pelbagai tindakan seperti heuristik, kritikan, analisis, dan historiografi. Sumber dan bahan kajian ini kebanyakannya berdasarkan sumber primer seperti dokumen Kerajaan Persekutuan seperti fail-fail kerajaan Persekutuan, Minit Mesyuarat, Laporan tahunan, Surat Persendirian dan sebagainya yang sebahagiannya diperoleh daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Hasil kajian ini memperlihatkan usaha awal pihak kerajaan yang signifikan bagi membangunkan masyarakat luar bandar dalam pelbagai aspek terutamanya sosioekonomi sebelum kemerdekaan dan awal kemerdekaan. Pembangunan Komuniti yang dijalankan oleh kerajaan Tanah Melayu ini telah mendapat pengiktirafan dari beberapa buah negara ASEAN yang lain sehingga Tanah Melayu menjadi contoh dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan masyarakat luar bandar dalam masa yang singkat. ABSTRACT The British occupation of this country left a profound impact on the socioeconomic conditions of the society in the Malay Peninsula, particularly during the British administration and after independence. This situation can be likened to the saying, “as the mold is shaped, so will be the outcome.” It is undeniable that the socioeconomic status of the Malay community before the arrival of Western colonial powers was still underdeveloped in various aspects, especially in terms of the economy and education. This was due to the Malay community’s reluctance to change, lack of knowledge, and limited access to modern technology. Most Malays were involved in non-commercial sectors that did not require high levels of skill. This situation did not see a significant change during British rule. In response, the government of the Malay Peninsula made efforts to transform the lives of the Malay community through community development programs under the rural development plans. This study focuses on one such program introduced by the government of the Malay Peninsula, which aimed to uplift the Malay society at the time through Community Development. Community Development was a comprehensive government initiative to ensure that rural communities progressed in various aspects of life and could compete with other ethnic groups. This research employs historical methodology, involving multiple approaches such as heuristics, critique, analysis, and historiography. The sources and materials used are primarily based on primary sources, including Federal Government documents such as official files, meeting minutes, annual reports, personal letters, and others, many of which were obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. The findings of this study highlight the early and significant efforts of the government to develop rural communities in various aspects, particularly socioeconomic, both before and in the early years following independence. The Community Development initiatives carried out by the government of the Malay Peninsula gained recognition from several other ASEAN countries, to the extent that the Malay Peninsula became a model for rural community development within a short period.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hasnah Binti Hussiin, Nor Aisyah Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERANAN PENTADBIR MELAYU DALAM SEKTOR EKONOMI JOHOR 1862-1914
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peranan pentadbir Melayu dalam sektor ekonomi negeri Johor dari tahun 1862 hingga 1914. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peranan pentadbir Melayu dalam lapangan ekonomi Johor khususnya dalam sektor pertanian komersial dan perlombongan yang merupakan nadi ekonomi Johor. Kajian sedia ada sebelum ini banyak memfokuskan kepada golongan saudagar dan imigran Cina yang mendominasi sektor pertanian komersial dan perlombongan di negeri itu sementelahan peranan golongan pentadbir Melayu yang merupakan tunjang di sebalik kejayaan Johor dalam sektor ekonomi namun kurang diberikan perhatian. Justeru, kajian ini akan memfokuskan penelitian semula terhadap peranan pentadbir Melayu ini khususnya dalam aspek tadbir urus ekonomi. Bersandarkan kepada sumber-sumber arkib seperti rekod pentadbiran negeri Johor dan rekod surat-menyurat serta catatan peribadi pentadbir Melayu dan metodologi penyelidikan disiplin sejarah, kajian ini akan menganalisis secara kualitatitf peranan golongan pentadbir Melayu Johor dalam sektor ekonomi di negeri itu. Dapatan kajian mendapati para pentadbir Melayu sememangnya mempunyai peranan yang signifikan dalam memacu kemajuan ekonomi Johor. ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the role of Malay administrators in the state of Johor's economic sector from 1862 to 1914. The primary objective of this research is to analyses the contributions of Malay administrators to Johor's economy, particularly in the commercial agriculture and mining sectors, which form the backbone of the state's economic development. Existing studies have predominantly focused on the roles of Chinese merchants and immigrants who dominated these sectors, thereby overlooking the contributions of Malay administrators, who were, in fact, pivotal to Johor’s economic success. Therefore, this study seeks to re-evaluate the role of these administrators, with a specific focus on aspects of economic governance. Drawing on archival sources, including the administrative records of the state of Johor, official correspondence, and personal notes of Malay administrators, and employing historical research methodology, this study conducts a qualitative analysis of the role played by Malay administrators in Johor’s economic sector. The findings indicate that Malay administrators indeed played a significant role in driving Johor’s economic development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Izuan Abdul Rahman, Muhamad Hasrul Zakariah, Azmi Bin Arifin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ILMU SILAT SYEIKH ABDULLAH: SEBUAH KRITIKAN
Syeikh Abdullah merupakan tokoh pendakwah yang mengislamkan Raja Kedah iaitu Seri Paduka Maharaja Derbar Raja sekaligus menyebarkan Islam di Empayar Kedah. Yahya Said yang merupakan pengasas Silat Kalimah menisbahkan ilmu persilatannya berasal daripada Syeikh Abdullah atau digelar Syeikh Tajrid, tetapi kesemuanya adalah berdasarkan riwayat lisan semata-mata. Silat Cekak yang diasaskan oleh Hanafi Ahmad yang beliau pelajari ilmu silat itu daripada Yahya Said turut menyebut mengenai Syeikh Tajrid. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka artikel ini memiliki dua objektif. Pertama, mengenal pasti kebenaran gelaran Syeikh Abdullah iaitu Syeikh Tajrid. Kedua, mengenal pasti pengajaran silat Syeikh Abdullah dalam catatan sejarah. Kajian ini dilakukan secara kepustakaan yang menjadikan tiga buku sebagai rujukan utama bagi memenuhi objektif iaitu Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, Salasilah Atau Tarikh Kerajaan Kedah dan Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah. Selain itu, bahan-bahan penulisan daripada Silat Cekak dan Silat Kalimah juga dijadikan rujukan. Dapatan kajian dianalisis secara kritis. Hasil kajian mendapati tiada langsung catatan bahawa Syeikh Abdullah membawa gelaran Syeikh Tajrid melainkan penisbahan “Qumairi” yang terdapat beberapa perbezaan sebutan. Selain itu, tiada dalam mana-mana catatan sejarah bahawa Syeikh Abdullah mengajarkan silat, melainkan beliau ditampar dan ditumbuk oleh Iblis dalam Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa. Penelitian awal mendapati bahawa silibus Silat Kalimah atau Silat Cekak yang wujud sekarang ini berkemungkinan adalah hasil pengalaman Kesultanan Kedah mengambil ilmu persilatan daripada pelbagai sumber. ABSTRACT Sheikh Abdullah was a prominent Islamic missionary who converted the King of Kedah, Seri Paduka Maharaja Derbar Raja, to Islam and subsequently spread Islam throughout the Kedah Empire. Yahya Said, the founder of Silat Kalimah, attributed his martial arts knowledge to Sheikh Abdullah, also known as Sheikh Tajrid, although this claim is based solely on oral tradition. Silat Cekak, founded by Hanafi Ahmad who learned the martial art from Yahya Said, also references Sheikh Tajrid. Given these issues, this article has two objectives. First, to verify the authenticity of the title "Sheikh Tajrid" attributed to Sheikh Abdullah. Second, to identify any historical records of Sheikh Abdullah teaching silat. This study was conducted through a literature review, using three main books as primary references to fulfill the objectives: Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, Salasilah Atau Tarikh Kerajaan Kedah, and Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah. In addition, written materials from Silat Cekak and Silat Kalimah were also used as references.The research findings were critically analyzed. The results show that there is no historical record indicating that Sheikh Abdullah held the title Sheikh Tajrid, except for the attribution "Qumairi," which appears with varying pronunciations. Furthermore, there is no historical evidence that Sheikh Abdullah taught silat, apart from an account in Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa where he was slapped and punched by Iblis (the Devil). Preliminary observations suggest that the current syllabus of Silat Kalimah or Silat Cekak may be a product of the Kedah Sultanate’s accumulated experiences, drawing martial arts knowledge from various sources.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nazmi Qayyum, Muhammad Nasrullah, Ahmad Imran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HEGEMONI DAN RINTANGAN: INSTITUSIONALISASI KESATUAN SEKERJA DI MALAYSIA
Makalah ini bertujuan menganalisis proses institusionalisasi kesatuan sekerja di Malaysia dari perspektif sejarah dengan mengaplikasikan kerangka teori hegemoni Antonio Gramsci. Kajian ini meneliti perkembangan gerakan kesatuan sekerja dari zaman kolonial British sehingga pasca-kemerdekaan, dengan memberi tumpuan kepada mekanisme kawalan hegemonik negara dan bentuk-bentuk rintangan yang digunakan oleh gerakan buruh. Melalui analisis kandungan deskriptif terhadap sumber-sumber sekunder, kajian ini mengenal pasti tiga fasa utama institusionalisasi: zaman kolonial yang meletakkan asas sistem kawalan buruh berasaskan kaum, tempoh Darurat (1948-1960) yang mengukuhkan mekanisme perundangan untuk “menjinakkan” kesatuan, dan era pasca-merdeka yang mengintegrasikan kesatuan ke dalam struktur pembangunan negara. Struktur hegemonik yang dibentuk melalui tiga mekanisme utama: perundangan yang mengehadkan, kawalan birokrasi, dan manipulasi ideologi telah berjaya mengekang potensi gerakan kesatuan sebagai agen perubahan sosial. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian ini juga mendedahkan pelbagai bentuk rintangan, dari konfrontasi langsung hingga ungkapan budaya yang mengkritik eksploitasi dan menuntut pengiktirafan maruah pekerja. Warisan kolonial yang membentuk struktur perburuhan dan kesatuan sekerja di Malaysia terus mempengaruhi dinamik hubungan antara negara, modal dan buruh, dengan implikasi yang mendalam terhadap keberkesanan perwakilan pekerja dalam sistem yang sedia ada. ABSTRACT This paper analyses the institutionalisation process of trade unions in Malaysia from a historical perspective by applying Antonio Gramsci's theoretical framework of hegemony. The study examines the development of the trade union movement from the British colonial era through to post-independence, focusing on the mechanisms of state hegemonic control and the forms of resistance employed by the labour movement. Through descriptive content analysis of secondary sources, this research identifies three main phases of institutionalisation: the colonial period, which established the foundations for a race-based labour control system; the Emergency period (1948-1960), which strengthened legal mechanisms to “domesticate” unions; and the post-independence era, which integrated unions into the national development structure. The hegemonic structure formed through three primary mechanisms: restrictive legislation, bureaucratic control, and ideological manipulation, has successfully constrained the potential of the union movement as an agent of social change. Nevertheless, this study also reveals various forms of resistance, from confrontation to cultural expressions that critique exploitation and demand recognition of workers' dignity. The colonial legacy that shaped Malaysia's labour and trade union structures continues to influence the dynamics between state, capital and labour, with profound implications for the effectiveness of worker representation within the existing system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shamsul Azri Mohd Radzi, Faridah Jaafar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WATER POLITICS AND POPULIST GOVERNANCE IN MALAYSIA: A CASE STUDY OF MUHAMMAD SANUSI MD NOR ADMINISTRATION IN KEDAH, 2020-2024
In this article, I examine the intersection between water governance and populist political strategies in Malaysia by focusing on the administration of Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor, the Chief Minister of Kedah from 2020 to 2024. The study investigates how the issue of inter-state water disputesparticularly Kedah’s demand for payment from Penang for raw water from Sungai Muda has been politicised and deployed as a populist narrative to consolidate political legitimacy. Drawing on the hydro-hegemony framework and theories of resource nationalism, I argue that Sanusi’s administration strategically framed water not merely as a resource, but as a symbol of state sovereignty and economic justice. Through qualitative content analysis of public speeches, policy documents, and media coverage between 2020 and 2024, this study reveals how water politics in Kedah reflect deeper tensions in Malaysia’s federal-state dynamics and the absence of a coherent legal framework for transboundary water governance. I demonstrate that the water discourse under Sanusi’s leadership illustrates a distinctive form of populist governance where rhetorical appeals to state rights, economic victimhood, and resource control are mobilised to assert autonomy within a fragmented federal structure. The findings contribute to broader discussions on environmental populism, subnational resource disputes, and the politicisation of infrastructure in emerging democracies. This study also highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive federal policy on water-sharing agreements to prevent political exploitation of vital resources.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Firdaus Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALISIS NILAI MORAL MENERUSI TEKS TELADAN TIGA BENUA
Cerita rakyat merupakan satu bentuk kisah tauladan yang mampu membentuk keperibadian masyarakat setempat. Kekayaan nilai dalam cerita rakyat membuatkan ianya mampu dikekalkan daripada satu generasi ke generasi yang lain. Namun, cerita rakyat pada masa kini kurang disampaikan terutama kepada anak-anak muda. Hal ini kerana anak-anak muda lebih terdedah dengan perkembangan sains dan teknologi seperti permainan komputer, permainan video dan mesin kawalan jauh. Oleh itu, cerita rakyat dianggap kurang releven untuk disampaikan kepada anak-anak muda. Maka, kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi mengenal pasti dan menganalisis nilai moral menerusi teks Teladan Tiga Benua. Kajian ini mengambil beberapa cerita rakyat yang ditemui dalam teks Teladan Tiga Benua. Antara cerita rakyat yang dikenal pasti ialah Lagu Ajaib, Legenda Batu Naga dan Syeikh Butana yang Cerdik. Oleh sebab itu, kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan dan analisis teks bagi memperoleh data yang sahih. Kajian ini turut menggunakan teori Takmilah menerusis prinsip kerasulan bersifat Kamil sebagai pengukuhan data. Hasilnya, kajian ini menemukan cerita rakyat mampu mendidik nilai moral ke atas kanak-kanak dengan menerapkan sifat-sifat mulia sebagai seorang khalifah. ABSTRACT Folklore is a form of exemplary story that can shape the personality of the local community. The richness of values ​​in folklore makes it possible to maintain it from one generation to another. However, folklore is currently less conveyed, especially to young people. This is because young people are more exposed to the development of science and technology such as computer games, video games and remote control machines. Therefore, folklore is considered less relevant to convey to young people. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify and analyze moral values ​​through the text Teladan Tiga Benua. This study took several folklore found in the text Teladan Tiga Benua. Among the folklore identified are Lagu Ajaib, Legenda Batu Naga and Syeikh Butana yang Cerdik. Therefore, this study uses the method of literature and text analysis to obtain valid data. This study also uses the theory of Takmilah through the principle of apostolicity that is Kamil as a data reinforcement. As a result, this study found that folklore is able to educate moral values ​​in children by instilling noble qualities as a caliph.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Ridhwan Che Husin, Mohd Firdaus Che Yaacob, Tuan Siti Nurul Suhadah Tuan Adnan , Shamsul Hazliyatul Akma Mohmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ART OF SCULPTURE IN CHINA’S LONGMEN GROTTOES: “RELIGIOUS COLORS, CULTURE, AND RELIEF SCULPTURE”
This paper examines the art of sculpture in China from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, focusing on the Longmen Grottoes located in Luoyang City, Henan Province. The study focuses on the religious colours and relief techniques of Longmen Grottoes sculpture, exploring the influence of Buddhism on the styling of Chinese royalty and the development of sculpture in later generations. By comparing the statues of the Longmen Grottoes of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty, the sculptures are analysed in terms of their demeanour, colour, statue assemblage, and relief content. It is found that religious concepts have had a profound influence on the evolution of Chinese sculpture art at different historical stages. At the same time, with the change of times, religious ideas also influenced the development of sculpture technology. In addition, by analysing the typology and modelling mechanics of the representative sculptures of Buddha, Bodhisattva and Flying Sky in the Longmen Grottoes, the sculpture modelling is integrated with the Buddhist beliefs, classics and national culture of the time. Ultimately, the influence of religious culture on ancient Chinese sculpture art is explored to provide new perspectives for the establishment of a sculpture teaching and modelling system with local characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kejia Zhang, Muhammad Fadhil Wong bin Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IDEOLOGI NASIONALISME, ISLAMISME DAN SOSIALISME MEMPENGARUHI PERJUANGAN KEMERDEKAAN DI NUSANTARA
Budaya politik di rantau Nusantara telah dipengaruhi oleh tiga aliran pemikiran utama iaitu nasionalisme, Islamisme, dan sosialisme yang menjadi asas kepada perpaduan dalam perjuangan mencapai kemerdekaan. Ketiga-tiga ideologi ini memberi impak besar dalam mencorakkan sejarah politik di wilayah ini, di mana Indonesia sering dijadikan sumber inspirasi bagi gerakan kemerdekaan di Tanah Melayu. Peristiwa penting seperti Sumpah Pemuda pada tahun 1928, yang mengangkat semangat Negara Indonesia, Bangsa Indonesia, dan Bahasa Indonesia, telah menyemarakkan kesedaran politik dan aspirasi kemerdekaan di kalangan masyarakat Nusantara. Sukarno, salah seorang tokoh utama dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia, berjaya menyatukan unsur nasionalisme, Islamisme, serta sosialisme-komunisme dalam kerangka perjuangannya. Bagi merapatkan jurang dalam masyarakat, beliau memperkenalkan konsep NASASOS (Nasional, Agama, dan Sosialis) semasa era pemerintahannya, yang sebelumnya dikenali sebagai NASAKOM (Nasionalis, Agama, dan Komunis). Pendekatan inklusif ini memberi dorongan kepada perkembangan gerakan politik di Tanah Melayu, seperti yang dapat dilihat dalam penubuhan Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM) pada tahun 1945. PKMM menggabungkan pemimpin dari pelbagai latar ideologi diantaranya nasionalis seperti Ghafar Baba dan Sardon Jubir, tokoh Islam seperti Dr. Burhanuddin al-Helmy dan Taharuddin Taha, serta aktivis berhaluan kiri seperti Ahmad Boestaman dan Mukhtaruddin Lasso. Namun, pengenalan Malayan Union oleh pihak British pada 1 April 1946 telah menimbulkan ketegangan politik, yang akhirnya mencetuskan perpecahan antara pemimpin-pemimpin berbeza fahaman di Malaya. ABSTRACT The political landscape of the archipelago embraced three dominant ideologies such as Nationalism, Islamism, and Socialism as foundational elements in the collective struggle for independence. These ideologies significantly influenced the historical development of the region, with Indonesia frequently serving as a source of inspiration for Malaya’s own independence movement. The 1928 Sumpah Pemuda declaration in Indonesia, which emphasized unity through the Indonesian nation, state, and language, played a pivotal role in igniting political consciousness and independence aspirations across the archipelago. Sukarno, a prominent Indonesian leader, skillfully blended aspects of nationalism, Islamic values, and socialist-communist thought as the backbone of his political mission. To foster unity among diverse societal groups, he introduced the concept of NASASOS (National, Religious, and Socialist) during his leadership. Prior to this, his administration was characterized by the ideological fusion known as NASAKOM (Nationalist, Religious, and Communist). Sukarno’s inclusive ideological strategy greatly influenced political activism in Malaya. This influence is evident in the formation of the Malay Nationalist Party (PKMM) in 1945, which brought together leaders of varied ideological backgrounds nationalists like Ghafar Baba and Sardon Jubir, Islamic leaders such as Dr. Burhanuddin al-Helmy and Taharuddin Taha, and left-wing figures including Ahmad Boestaman and Mukhtaruddin Lasso. Nonetheless, the British initiative to implement the Malayan Union on April 1, 1946, led to ideological rifts, ultimately causing divisions among Malayan leaders with differing political beliefs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kamarazaman Yacob, Jessica Ong Hai Liaw https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SELAYANG PANDANG PEMBINAAN MALAYSIA YANG TERBILANG
Makalah ini membincangkan mengenai evolusi pembinaan Malaysia yang terbilang. Kepelbagaian etnik menjadi kekuatan Malaysia yang telah berakar umbi sejak zaman Kesultanan Melayu Melaka. Orang Melayu memiliki kekayaan melalui penglibatan mereka dalam industri perlombongan bijih timah sebelum campur tangan British. Polisi British yang bertembung dengan rukun teras Melayu sejak tahun 1874 mengubah komposisi masyarakat dari bersifat serumpun kepada masyarakat majmuk. Perang Dunia Kedua menyebabkan tentera Jepun berkuasa dan diikuti dengan kezaliman komunis. Kesedaran pendidikan membangkitkan nasionalisme dan kompromi kaum dicetuskan bagi menuju ke arah kemerdekaan negara. Perbincangan dalam artikel ini bersandarkan kepada kaedah penyelidikan kepustakaan melibatkan dokumen pejabat kolonial, fail arkib dan sumber sekunder. Hasil penelitian mendapati bahawa kerencaman dan kepelbagaian masyarakat majmuk menjadi kekuatan dalam berkompromi serta merintis jalan ke arah kemerdekaan negara. Kepelbagaian menjadi kekuatan dan perlu dipertahan dan diperteguhkan bagi membina bangsa yang terbilang. ABSTRACT This paper discusses the evolution of building a distinguished Malaysia. Ethnic diversity has been become the core of Malaysia's strength that has been rooted since the time of the Malay Sultanate of Malacca. The Malays acquired wealth through their involvement in the tin mining industry before British intervention in the Malay states. British policies that clashed with the core principles of the Malay people since 1874 changed the composition of society from a homogeneous to a plural society. World War II brought the Japanese army to power and was followed by communist tyranny thus causing society to be divided. The objective of this study is to examine the process of nation building until the formation of a distinguished Malaysia. Educational awareness raised nationalism and racial compromise was triggered to move towards national independence. The discussion in this article is based on library research methods involving colonial office documents, archive files and secondary sources. The results of the research found that the diversity and diversity of a plural society became a strength in compromising and pioneering the path towards national independence. Diversity is a strength and needs to be defended and strengthened to build a distinguished nation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamed Ali Haniffa, Sharifah Ismail, Naizatul Akma Binti Mohd Mokhtar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DECOLONIZING MALAYSIAN ART: THE IMPACT OF THE NATIONAL CULTURE POLICY AND ISLAMIZATION IN THE 1980S
This paper presents a critical analysis of Malaysia’s arts and culture under the National Culture Policy (NCP) and the Islamization policies of the 1980s. While these sought to create a unifying national culture on Malay and Islamic values, these have, in return, sparked a big debate on arts freedom, inclusion, and creative freedom. This study, based on a qualitative study, sought to examine in which ways arts practitioners negotiated, resisted, or made accommodations in these regulations. The paper captures, in addition, a struggle between imposed narratives of culture and arts freedom, adding a contribution toward a wider debate on decolonization and postcolonial identity in Malaysia. Comparative studies of Nigeria and South Africa, and debates on globalization and digital arts, place Malaysia on a different trajectory
Copyright (c) 2025 Asilatul Hanaa Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INSTITUSI MUZIUM NEGERI TERENGGANU SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH SEKOLAH RENDAH: SATU SUDUT PANDANG KURATOR
Institusi muzium merupakan sebuah institusi yang berautoriti dalam menyimpan segala macam khazanah berharga yang memiliki nilai sejarahnya tersendiri. Muzium memainkan peranan terpenting dalam membawa masyarakat sosial lebih memahami dan menghayati sejarah negara bangsanya melalui aspek penglihatan, pendengaran, pengalamian, pengalaman dan sentuhan. Namun, peranan muzium sering disalahtafsirkan sebagai tempat penyimpanan artifak silam semata sedangkan peranan muzium meliputi pelbagai bidang displin ilmu yang boleh diterokai. Objektif kajian ini adalah meneliti peranan Muzium Negeri Terengganu sebagai sumber pembelajaran sejarah dalam konteks pendidikan sejarah sekolah rendah dan menganalisis perkaitan Muzium Negeri Terengganu dengan sukatan kurikulum sejarah sekolah rendah. Metodologi kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes bagi mendapatkan maklumat secara mendalam. Pengkaji telah memilih Muzium Negeri Terengganu sebagai sampel kes yang ingin dikaji dan seramai dua orang kurator muzium dipilih sebagai pensampelan bertujuan (purposive). Kajian ini juga menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian tidak turut serta dan menganalisis buku laporan program muzium. Hasil daripada dapatan data, pengkaji menggunakan analisis bertema secara induktif. Kajian ini berpotensi memberikan nafas baharu kepada guru dan murid dalam merancang strategi dan kaedah pembelajaran sejarah yang bersifat inovatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran di luar bilik darjah dan meneroka bahan bukti bersejarah. Kajian muzium wajar diperluas dan perlu diteroka dengan menganalisis kandungan muzium dengan kandungan kurikulum sejarah yang boleh dilakukan oleh pihak muzium, institusi pendidikan dan penggubal dasar dalam memperkasa peranan muzium di negara ini. ABSTRACT The museum institution is an authoritative entity in storing various valuable treasures that have their own historical significance. Museums play a crucial role in helping the social community better understand and appreciate the history of their nation through aspects of sight, hearing, experience, and touch. However, the role of museums is often misunderstood as merely a place for storing ancient artifacts, whereas the role of a museum encompasses various fields of knowledge that can be explored. The objective of this study is to examine the role of the Terengganu State Museum as a source of historical learning in the context of primary school history education and to analyse the correlation between the Terengganu State Museum and the primary school history curriculum. This study uses a qualitative research methodology with a case study design to obtain in-depth information. The researcher has selected the Terengganu State Museum as the case sample for the study, with two museum curators chosen as purposive samples. This study also employs the non-participant observation method and analyses museum program report books. Based on the data findings, the researcher uses thematic analysis inductively. This study has the potential to provide a fresh perspective for teachers and students in planning innovative strategies and methods for teaching history by using out-of-classroom learning approaches and exploring historical evidence. The study of museums should be expanded and explored by analysing museum contents alongside the history curriculum, which can be done by museums, educational institutions, and policymakers to strengthen the role of museums in this country.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Aiman Hakim Lokman Hakim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MERIAM–MERIAM DI KUALA KEDAH: FAKTA ATAU LAGENDA
Kuala Kedah menyimpan sejarah yang signifikan dengan keberadaan dua meriam ikonik, Katak Puru dan Badak Berendam, yang sering dikaitkan sebagai hasil buatan orang Melayu. Selain kedua-dua meriam ini, terdapat beberapa meriam lain yang ditempatkan di kota tersebut dan kini berada di bawah seliaan Jabatan Muzium Negara. Namun, walaupun isu ini telah disentuh dalam beberapa buku dan tulisan, maklumat mengenai asal usul dan teknik pembuatan meriam-meriam ini masih kekal kabur dan memerlukan kajian mendalam. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai sejauh mana kebenaran dakwaan bahawa meriam-meriam di Kuala Kedah adalah hasil karya orang Melayu. Penilaian ini berdasarkan bukti sejarah seperti manuskrip lama, surat-menyurat rasmi, serta laporan kerajaan pada masa itu. Kajian ini juga berusaha untuk memahami kemampuan masyarakat Melayu terdahulu dalam bidang teknologi pembuatan senjata dan kepercayaan terhadap elemen mistik yang sering dikaitkan dengan senjata tersebut. Pendekatan ini bukan bertujuan merendahkan kehebatan pandai besi Melayu atau peranan unsur mistik dalam budaya mereka, tetapi lebih kepada menjelaskan bahawa penciptaan senjata seperti meriam memerlukan teknologi dan kemahiran logam yang sangat khusus. Dengan analisis yang lebih terperinci, kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih jelas dan objektif mengenai keupayaan teknologi tempatan pada masa lalu, sekaligus mengangkat warisan sejarah masyarakat Melayu ke tahap yang lebih tinggi. ABSTRACT Kuala Kedah holds significant historical value through the presence of two iconic cannons, Katak Puru and Badak Berendam, which are often associated with being products of Malay craftsmanship. In addition to these two, several other cannons once stationed at the fortress are now under the care of the Department of Museums Malaysia. However, despite mentions in various books and writings, information regarding the origins and manufacturing techniques of these cannons remains obscure and calls for in-depth scholarly investigation. This study aims to assess the validity of claims that the cannons in Kuala Kedah were indeed crafted by the Malays. The evaluation is based on historical evidence such as old manuscripts, official correspondences, and government reports from the period. Furthermore, this study seeks to explore the technological capabilities of the early Malay community in weapon manufacturing, as well as the mystical beliefs often associated with such weaponry. This approach does not intend to diminish the skills of Malay blacksmiths or the cultural role of mysticism, but rather to emphasize that the production of cannons requires highly specialized metallurgical knowledge and technology. Through detailed analysis, this research hopes to offer a clearer and more objective understanding of past local technological capabilities, thereby elevating the historical heritage of the Malay society to a more prominent level.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Herman Roslan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SEJARAH, IDENTITI NASIONAL DAN GENERASI MUDA: ANALISIS BIBLIOMETRIK
Kepentingan penghayatan sejarah kepada generasi muda Malaysia sering terabai dan dianggap tidak penting dalam menelusuri arus kemodenan kini. Umum tidak menyedari kepentingan penghayatan sejarah menujahkan keutuhan identiti nasional yang membawa kepada keharmonian masyarakat heterogen Malaysia. Sejarah memerlukan penghayatan yang tinggi kerana ia merupakan teras dalam memastikan semua warganegara memiliki identiti nasional yang unggul. Justeru, makalah ini akan membincangkan mengenai trend di peringkat global mengenai penyelidikan sejarah dan identiti nasional, seterusnya perkaitan antara sejarah dan identiti nasional serta kepentingannya kepada generasi muda. Pengumpulan data adalah secara analisis bibliometrik dari pangkalan data Scopus yang melibatkan 67 artikel jurnal berbahasa Inggeris dari penerbitan 5 tahun terkini (2019-2024). Dapatan membincangkan trend penerbitan mengikut tahun, negara dan tema/kata kunci serta membincangkan perkaitan antara sejarah dan identiti nasional serta kepentingannya kepada generasi muda. Implikasinya, penyelidikan berkaitan sejarah dan identiti nasional dalam kalangan generasi muda perlu diperluaskan memandangkan generasi ini adalah pemangkin kepada kemajuan negara melalui identiti negara merdeka. ABSTRACT The importance of historical appreciation among the younger generation in Malaysia is often overlooked and deemed insignificant in navigating the currents of modernity. People does not realise the importance of historical appreciation in strengthening national identity, which lead to fostering harmony within Malaysia's heterogeneous society. History is not merely as enhancing knowledge and understanding; rather, a profound appreciation of the nation’s history serves as a cornerstone in ensuring that all citizens embody a strong sense of national identity. Therefore, this paper will discuss global trends in historical research and national identity, as well as the relationship between history and national identity and its relevance to the younger generation. Data collection was conducted through bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database, analysing 67 English-language journal articles published over the past five years (2019–2024). The findings explore publication trends by year, country, and theme/keywords, while also emphasizing the connection between history and national identity and its significance for the younger generation. Implication, research on history and national identity among the younger generation needs to be intensified, as this generation plays a pivotal role in driving the nation’s progress and embodying the identity of an independent country.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nor Azhani Mohd Tohar, Nur Jannah Bukhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DARI TAJUK BERITA KEPADA SEJARAH: AKHBAR TEMPATAN SARAWAK TENTANG KONFRONTASI MALAYSIA-INDONESIA, 1963-1966
Kajian ini menyelidiki Konfrontasi Malaysia-Indonesia (1963-1966) melalui kaca mata akhbar tempatan Sarawak, meneliti bagaimana penerbitan ini membentuk dan mencerminkan sentimen awam semasa tempoh ketegangan geopolitik yang sengit. Dengan menganalisis tajuk utama, editorial dan laporan daripada akhbar tempatan utama, penyelidikan itu mendedahkan peranan akhbar dalam menceritakan peristiwa yang berlaku dan mempengaruhi pendapat umum di Sarawak. Kajian itu meneroka bagaimana gambaran media tentang konflik itu menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih luas tentang konfrontasi di kalangan rakyat Sarawak, mendedahkan peranan dwi akhbar sebagai pemberi maklumat dan pembentuk sejarah. Melalui analisis kandungan surat khabar yang diarkibkan, penyelidikan itu memberikan pandangan tentang tindak balas media tempatan terhadap konfrontasi, menonjolkan nuansa dalam pelaporan dan kesan naratif ini pada ingatan kolektif tempoh tersebut. Kajian ini bukan sahaja menyumbang kepada pensejarahan Konfrontasi Malaysia-Indonesia tetapi juga menggariskan kepentingan media tempatan dalam mendokumentasi dan mempengaruhi peristiwa sejarah. ABSTRACT This study delves into the Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation (1963-1966) through the lens of Sarawak's local newspapers, examining how these publications shaped and reflected public sentiment during a period of intense geopolitical tension. By analysis the headlines, editorials, and reports from key local newspapers, the research uncovers the role of the press in narrating the unfolding events and influencing public opinion in Sarawak. The study explores how the media's portrayal of the conflict contributed to the broader understanding of the confrontation among Sarawakians, revealing the press's dual role as both an informer and a shaper of history. Through a content analysis of archived newspapers, the research provides insights into the local media's response to the confrontation, highlighting the nuances in reporting and the impact of these narratives on the collective memory of the period. This study not only contributes to the historiography of the Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation but also underscores the significance of local media in documenting and influencing historical events.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhamad Hamidee Redzuan, Abdu Rahman Mad Ali@Abang, Azmi Ariffin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SEJARAH AJARAN SESAT DI MALAYSIA: ANALISIS TERHADAP FAKTOR-FAKTOR KEMUNCULAN DAN LANGKAH-LANGKAH MENANGANINYA
ABSTRAK Ajaran sesat merupakan satu fenomena yang signifikan dalam konteks sosial dan agama di Malaysia di mana ia sering kali menyimpang daripada ajaran Islam arus perdana. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tinjauan sejarah terhadap faktor perkembangan ajaran sesat di Malaysia. Metodologi kajian ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis kandungan. Sampel kajian adalah terdiri daripada ajaran sesat yang mempunyai sejarah di Malaysia sejak awal tertubuhnya negara ini sehingga ke hari ini. Melalui kajian literatur yang komprehensif dan analisis kes-kes utama dan lain-lain, artikel ini membincangkan latar belakang sejarah serta faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada kemunculan ajaran sesat. Di samping itu, hasil kajian ini menilai respons masyarakat dan pihak berkuasa terhadap ajaran sesat serta kesan sosial yang dialami oleh komuniti Islam di Malaysia. Hasil kajian ini adalah sangat signifikan kerana mengupas perihal sejarah ajaran sesat di Malaysia supaya tidak berulang kembali pada masa kini dan akan datang. ABSTRACT The deviant teachings are a significant phenomenon in the social and religious context of Malaysia, often diverging from mainstream Islamic teachings. This study aims to provide a historical overview of the factors contributing to the development of deviant teachings in Malaysia. The qualitative research methodology used in this article with the approach of content analysis. The research samples used in this article are basically the deviant teaching groups that involved in Malaysia’s history from the beginning of this country until now. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of key cases, this article discusses the background and factors that contribute to the emergence of these deviant teachings. Additionally, the findings of this study assess the response of society and authorities towards deviant teachings, as well as the social impact experienced by the Muslim community in Malaysia. The findings in this article are very significant because it help to reveal the history of deviant teachings in Malaysia in order to prevent it from spreading nowadays and in future.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Syahir Ahamad Nzly, Aini Raudhah Roslam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KESELAMATAN TENAGA DAN DASAR LUAR CHINA TERHADAP LAUT CHINA SELATAN: PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH MALAYSIA
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kepentingan keselamatan tenaga dalam menentukan tingkah laku dasar luar China terhadap Laut China Selatan, khususnya berkaitan dengan tuntutan bertindih ke atas Kepulauan Spratly dan Paracel serta isu keselamatan di Selat Melaka. Kajian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan dasar luar China terhadap Laut China Selatan dengan meneliti kedua-dua dimensi sistemik dan domestik. Untuk memudahkan pemahaman, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dasar luar China dibahagikan kepada dua dimensi utama: faktor sistemik dan faktor domestik. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah kajian kepustakaan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa walaupun tekanan sistemik memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan hala tuju dasar luar China terhadap Laut China Selatan, keselamatan tenaga merupakan faktor yang paling kritikal dalam pembentukan dasar luar China di rantau ini. ABSTRACT This study examines the role of energy security in shaping China's foreign policy toward the South China Sea, with a particular focus on the historical perspective of Malaysia. The overlapping claims in the Spratly and Paracel Islands and security issues in the Straits of Malacca are key elements in Malaysia-China relations. The analysis is based on two main dimensions: systemic and domestic factors. The study also explores how Malaysia's history, particularly the role of the Straits of Malacca as a global trade route since the Malacca Sultanate, has influenced maritime security strategies in the region. The findings indicate that energy security is a critical factor in shaping China's foreign policy, although systemic pressures also play a significant role. Malaysia holds a pivotal position in the complex geopolitical context of this strategic interaction with China.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aini Raudhah Roslam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PEMILIHAN UMUM LEGISLATIF DI INDONESIA : PENAFSIRAN KONSTITUSIONAL SISTEM PROPORSIONAL TERTUTUP
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konstitusionalitas pemilihan umum legislatif dengan tinjauan terhadap sistem proporsional tertutup dalam UUD 1945. Sistem pemilihan umum legislatif adalah aspek penting dalam menjaga prinsip demokrasi dan keterwakilan yang adil dalam sebuah negara. Sistem proporsional tertutup telah menjadi subjek perdebatan yang berkelanjutan mengenai konstitusionalitasnya dalam konteks UUD 1945. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode yuridis normatif untuk menganalisis konstitusionalitas pemilihan umum legislatif dengan menggunakan sistem proporsional tertutup. Pendekatan ini melibatkan pengumpulan data dari dokumen hukum, studi literatur, dan putusan pengadilan yang relevan dengan topik ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem proporsional tertutup dalam pemilihan umum legislatif memiliki beberapa implikasi konstitusional. Pertama, sistem ini dapat membatasi akses politik bagi individu di luar partai politik, yang dapat dianggap sebagai pelanggaran terhadap hak konstitusional individu untuk berpartisipasi dalam proses politik. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis implikasi penerapan sistem proporsional terbuka dalam pemilihan umum legislatif. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa sistem proporsional tertutup dapat memberikan stabilitas politik yang lebih besar dan memperkuat peran partai politik dalam sistem politik. ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the constitutionality of legislative general elections by reviewing the closed proportional system in the 1945 Constitution. The legislative general election system is an important aspect in maintaining democratic principles and fair representation in a country. The closed proportional system has been the subject of ongoing debate regarding its constitutionality in the context of the 1945 Constitution. This research uses a qualitative approach with normative juridical methods to analyze the constitutionality of legislative elections using a closed proportional system. This approach involves collecting data from legal documents, literature studies, and court decisions relevant to the topic. The research results show that the application of a closed proportional system in legislative elections has several constitutional implications. First, this system can limit political access for individuals outside political parties, which could be considered a violation of individuals' constitutional rights to participate in the political process. This research also analyzes the implications of implementing an open proportional system in legislative elections. This research also shows that a closed proportional system can provide greater political stability and strengthen the role of political parties in the political system.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Mutawalli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERKEMBANGAN, CABARAN DAN SUMBANGAN ARKEOLOGI AWAM DI MALAYSIA
Arkeologi awam di Malaysia telah berkembang dengan ketara melalui integrasi pelbagai amalan. Arkeologi awam merujuk kepada usaha untuk melibatkan masyarakat dalam pemuliharaan, meningkatkan pemahaman warisan arkeologi dan membangunkannya menjadi sumber ekonomi baru. Artikel ini memberikan gambaran menyeluruh mengenai arkeologi awam di Malaysia dengan menyoroti sejarah, amalan semasa dan isu-isu utama yang dihadapi dalam pemeliharaan dan promosi warisan arkeologi. Amalan semasa arkeologi awam di Malaysia merangkumi usaha untuk penglibatan komuniti, pendidikan komuniti, penglibatan dalam pengurusan, promosi dan arkeopelancongan. Antara isu dan cabaran utama adalah tekanan pembangunan ekonomi yang pesat, kekurangan pakar mahir, penglibatan komuniti serta rangka kerja perundangan dan penguatkuasaan yang kukuh. Kesimpulannya, bidang arkeologi awam memerlukan kerjasama daripada kerajaan, agensi swasta dan pihak berkepentingan untuk menjayakan usaha ini. ABSTRACT Public archaeology in Malaysia has significantly evolved through the integration of various practices that engage the community in the understanding, preservation of archaeological heritage, and economic development through archaeotourism. This article provides a comprehensive overview of public archaeology in Malaysia, highlighting its history, current practices, as well as the issues and challenges in the preservation and promotion of archaeological heritage. The study employs a qualitative approach by collecting secondary data related to public archaeology in Malaysia. The development of public archaeology has been achieved through various initiatives such as community education, archaeotourism promotion, and community involvement in the management of archaeological sites. These efforts not only help protect historical sites but also foster community appreciation for cultural heritage. However, the field continues to face challenges such as development pressure, a shortage of experts, and limited community involvement. This study also discusses the contributions of public archaeology in education, research, and the economy, while emphasizing the need for improvements in the legal framework, broader community engagement, and collaboration among stakeholders to ensure the sustainability of Malaysia’s archaeological heritage.
Copyright (c) 2024 Naizatul Akma Mohd Mokhtar, Mokhtar Saidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERANAN PIHAK BERKEPENTINGAN DALAM MELAKSANAKAN KONSEP CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT UNTUK PENGURUSAN WARISAN KETARA DI KOTA BANDA ACEH, ACEH, INDONESIA
Warisan ketara merupakan kajian daripada arkeologi berupa monumen, kumpulan bangunan, dan tapak karya manusia serta gabungan kerja manusia dengan sumber semula jadi. Pelaksanaan pengurusan warisan ketara merupakan usaha yang dilakukan oleh individu atau kelompok. Dalam melaksanakan pengurusan warisan ketara harus tetap mempertahankan prinsip keaslian daripada bendanya. Walau bagaimanapun, pengurusan warisan ketara di Kota Banda Aceh mengalami polemik di kalangan pihak yang berkepentingan. Oleh itu, artikel ini adalah hasil kajian yang dijalankan untuk melakukan identifikasi terhadap pihak yang berkepentingan dalam pengurusan warisan ketara di Kota Banda Aceh. Data artikel diperoleh melalui temu bual dan kajian kepustakaan. Artikel ini dijumpai empat kelompok pihak berkepentingan. Pertama pemerintah melalui lembaga terkait. Lembaga tersebut memiliki perkhidmatan pengurusan warisan ketara dan terlibat dalam pengurusannya namun ada perbezaan pandangan pada pelaksanaannya. Kedua, organisasi masyarakat iaitu kelompok masyarakat yang membina lembaga dan tidak berada di bawah pemerintah. Organisasi tersebut turut melakukan pengurusan dengan alasan ingin menyelamatkan warisan ketara dari kerosakan. Ketiga, kelompok akademik yang hanya melakukan kajian dan penyelidikan terkait dengan keilmuan dan juga turut memberikan cadangan kepada pihak yang berkepentingan agar selari dengan konsep pelestarian. Keempat adalah masyarakat tempatan dan juga ahli waris daripada objek warisan ketara. Keempat kelompok tersebut terlibat dalam pengurusan warisan ketara di Kota Banda Aceh. Akhir sekali bahawa kajian ini mendapati adanya perbezaan pandangan dan cara melakukan pengurusan warisan ketara pada masing-masing kelompok. Pengurusan yang dilakukan masih hanya terhad pada perlindungan dan pemanfaatan sahaja belum kepada tahap pengembangan yang menghasilkan ekonomi bagi masyarakat ramai. ABSTRACT Tangible heritage is the study of archeology in the form of monuments, groups of buildings, and sites of human works and the combination of human works with natural resources. The implementation of tangible cultural resource management is an effort carried out by individuals or groups. In carrying out the concept of managing significant heritage, one must maintain the principle of authenticity of the object. However, the management of significant heritage at Kota Banda Aceh has experienced polemics among interested parties. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify parties interested in managing significant heritage at Kota Banda Aceh. Article data was obtained through interviews and literature review. In this study, four groups of interested parties. First, the government through related institutions. These institutions have significant heritage management services and are involved in its management but there are different views on its implementation. Second, community organizations are community groups that develop institutions and are not under the government. The organization took part in the management because it wanted to save significant heritage from damage. Third, academic groups that only carry out studies and investigations related to science and also provide recommendations to interested parties so that they are in line with the concept of conservation. Fourth are local people and also the heirs of significant heritage objects. These four groups are involved in the management of significant heritage at Banda Aceh City. Finally, this study found that there were significant differences in views and ways of managing heritage in each group. The management carried out is still limited to protection and utilization, not yet at the development stage which produces economic benefits for the general public.
Copyright (c) 2024 Marduati Mukhtar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TRACING THE HERITAGE AND CIVILIZATION OF AUSTRONESIAN SEAFARERS ACROSS WATERS, SEAS, AND OCEANS IN THE ARCHIPELAGO OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
The waters, seas and oceans have traditionally been a source of inspiration for the search for the truth. It also manages to negate the human worldview that associates it with various elements of myth and superstition. The waters, sea and oceans are also a place with the advantage of consolidating ties between countries, forming a united, mutual understanding and unity spirit and generating mutual wealth. It is an invaluable, irreplaceable and modified property. Historiography in Southeast Asia saw a close relationship between people named "humans‵‵ in the South China Sea, Sulu Sea, Sulawesi Sea, Flores Sea, Java Sea, Banda Sea and so on. History has shown how they have fought hard through various waves and storms in the seas and oceans simply to ensure that the next generation holds the souls of the sailors. It has made the region a centre of superior civilization as well as a model for the centers of other world civilizations. Therefore, this writing aims to reassess the history of the existence of the Austronesian seafarers from the perspective of the history in Southeast Asia themselves. The results of this study have opened the enactment of whether it is true that the origin of this Austronesian seafarer’s tribe originated in Taiwan as stated in the theory of migration and linguistics. In other words, the Austronesian seafarer today come from Southeast Asia itself and have migrated out to expand their civilizations in regions of Oceania such as Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia all the way to Taiwan up to Madagascar. There is no easy answer to this matter and need to study from various disciplines and space to find strong evidence of the Austronesian seafarers.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ismail Ali, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGANTAR ANTROPOLOGI: CABANG ILMU TERSENDIRI DALAM PROGRAM SARJANA MUDA SEJARAH GUNAAN DI UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
Antropologi adalah kajian yang mendalam tentang manusia, termasuklah segala aspek kehidupan dan kebudayaannya. Ia merangkumi pemerhatian dari segi budaya, bahasa, kepercayaan, adat istiadat, serta cara hidup manusia. Dalam ilmu antropologi, kita mempelajari bagaimana manusia berinteraksi dengan persekitaran fizikal dan sosial mereka, serta bagaimana perkembangan budaya dan sosial mempengaruhi identiti dan tingkah laku manusia. Antropologi memainkan peranan penting dalam membantu memahami sejarah dan perkembangan manusia dari masa lampau hingga ke masa kini. Ia juga mengkaji perbezaan antara kumpulan manusia dari pelbagai budaya dan latar belakang, serta bagaimana faktor-faktor seperti sejarah, agama, dan persekitaran alam mempengaruhi kehidupan dan kebudayaan mereka. Dengan menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan lapangan dan analisis data, antropologi membantu kita mengenal pasti corak dan pola dalam masyarakat manusia serta menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kepelbagaian budaya dan perbezaan antara kumpulan manusia di seluruh dunia. Artikel ini adalah mengenai kursus pengantar antropologi yang ditawarkan dalam Program Sarjana Muda Sejarah Gunaan di UUM. Penerangan serba sedikit mengenai definisi, sejarah kemunculan awal bidang antropologi, subbidang utama antropologi, mengapa perlu belajar antropologi dan sifat antropologi itu sendiri dapat memberi pencerahan mengenai bidang antropologi. ABSTRACT Anthropology is an in-depth study of humans, including all aspects of their lives and culture. It includes observations in terms of culture, language, beliefs, customs, and the way of life of people. In anthropology, we study how humans interact with their physical and social environment, as well as how cultural and social developments affect human identity and behavior. Anthropology plays an important role in helping to understand human history and development from the past to the present. It also examines the differences between human groups from various cultures and backgrounds, as well as how factors such as history, religion, and the natural environment affect their lives and culture. By using methods of field research and data analysis, anthropology helps us identify patterns and patterns in human societies and contributes to a better understanding of cultural diversity and differences between human groups around the world. This article is about the introductory anthropology course offered in the Bachelor of Applied History Program at UUM. A brief description of the definition, the history of the early emergence of the field of anthropology, the main subfields of anthropology, why it is necessary to study anthropology and the nature of anthropology itself can enlighten the field of anthropology.
Copyright (c) 2024 Salmah Omar, Mohamad Ismandi Wasli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SEJARAH EKSKAVASI DAN PEMBUATAN MANIK DI MALAYSIA DAN ASIA TENGGARA
Bidang arkeologi mempunyai hubungan rapat dengan aktiviti carigali dan artikel ini mengutamakan penyelidikan dan laporan jumpaan manik dalam projek-projek carigali yang dijalankan oleh para pengkaji arkeologi. Oleh itu, tumpuan artikel ini adalah ke atas penulisan-penulisan yang dihasilkan oleh pengkaji-pengkaji lalu tentang penyelidikan mereka. Dalam penyelidikan manik, tulisan terawal oleh Horace Bech telah membuka jalan dalam penganalisaan manik di Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara. Pengkaji Peter Francis (Jr), turut menyumbang dalam menulis mengenai kajian manik kaca di Malaysia. Laporan manik oleh G.B. Gardner dan Alastair Lamb juga tidak dapat diketepikan dalam penyelidkan manik secara global. Penelitian laporan-laporan mereka memberikan satu pemahaman tentang keadaan sebenar bidang arkeologi di Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara. Dalam laporan mereka, didapati selain daripada menentukan peranan manik bagi sesebuah masyarakat dan cara penyebaran, mereka menghadapi masalah dalam menentukan cara pembuatan dan jenis manik yang diekskavasi. Analisis mengenai kaedah pembuatan dan jenis manik harus dikaji kerana mempunyai kepentingan dalam perkembangan bidang arkeologi dan kurang diperdebat dalam kalangan komuniti arkeologi tempatan. Bahagian arkeologi manik ini memainkan peranan penting untuk mengenalpasti aspek-aspek lain seperti kepentingan sosioekonomi, keagamaan dan ritual di sesebuah kawasan dan hubungan masyarakat dengan kawasan masyarakat lain. Oleh itu, artikel ini memberi penekanan kepada penelitan kaedah pembuatan dan jenis manik melalui hujah pengkaji manik yang diekskavasi di Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara. ABSTRACT The field of archaeology is closely related to excavation activities. Focussing on past writings, this article discusses the research and reports of bead finds in excavations carried out by archaeologists. In bead research, the earliest writings by Horace Bech paved the way for bead research in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. Peter Francis (Jr) also contributed in writing about the study of glass beads in Malaysia. Bead reports by G.B. Gardner and Alastair Lamb also cannot be ignored in global bead research. Researching their reports provides an understanding of the actual state of the archaeological field in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. In their report, it was found that apart from determining the role of beads for a society and the method of dissemination, they faced problems in determining the method of manufacture and the type of excavated beads. Analysis of the manufacturing methods and types of beads bear importance on the development of the field of archaeology, yet are less debated among the local archaeological research community. Bead archaeology plays an important role in identifying other aspects such as socioeconomic, religious, and ritual importance in an area and community relations with other community areas. Therefore, this article emphasizes the investigation of the manufacturing methods and types of beads through the arguments of bead researchers in Malaysia and Southeast Asia.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aishah Bee Ahmad Tajudeen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLIKASI GERAKAN PEMISAHAN TERHADAP POLITIK PERLIS ABAD KE-19 DAN KE-20
Kajian ini membincangkan tentang gerakan pemisahan oleh Perlis dari Kedah bermula pada abad ke-19 & 20. Istilah dalam kajian ini menggunakan terma “secession” merujuk kepada tindakan Perlis yang mahu memisahkan dirinya daripada kuasa pusat untuk memperoleh autoriti pemerintahan sendiri. Objektif yang ingin dicapai dalam penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji gerakan pemisahan Perlis dari Kedah dan kesan terhadap aspek politik di Perlis. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan kaedah sejarah dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif berpandukan kepada sumber primer dan sekunder. Dapatan penyelidikan ini menunjukkan agenda pemisahan oleh Perlis yang melibatkan Siam dan British telah mempengaruhi sistem politik dan pentadbirannya. Melalui penerimaan Penasihat Kewangan di Perlis, organisasi gerakan pemisahan negeri ini semakin mantap jika dibandingkan dengan gerakan pemisahan di tempat-tempat lain. Namun, dalam aspek pentadbiran dilihat urus tadbir negeri Perlis masih melibatkan Kedah terutamanya berkaitan hal ehwal jabatan-jabatan kerajaan tertentu. ABSTRACT This study discusses the secession movement by Perlis from Kedah beginning in the 19th & 20th centuries. The term in this study uses "secession" to refer to the action of Perlis who wanted to separate itself from the central power to gain self-governing authority. The objective to be achieved in this research is to study the separation movement of Perlis from Kedah and the impact on the political issues. This research uses historical methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches guided by primary and secondary sources. The findings of this research show that the secession agenda by Perlis involving Siam and British have influenced its political and administrative system. Through the acceptance of the Financial Adviser in Perlis, the organization of the secession movement in the state has become stronger compared to the other places. However, in terms of administration, it is seen that Perlis state governance still involves Kedah, especially concerning the affairs of certain government departments.
Copyright (c) 2024 Omar Othman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH KOMUNIS DI DAERAH SIK DAN BALING, KEDAH, 1948-1989
Proklamasi Darurat di Persekutuan Tanah Melayu pada tahun 1948 menyaksikan gerakan Komunis, di bawah Parti Komunis Malaya (PKM), menjalankan operasi bersenjata dan aktiviti subversif di seluruh Semenanjung Malaysia, termasuk di negeri Kedah. Di negeri Kedah, daerah Sik dan Baling telah berhadapan dengan ancaman komunis yang dianggap sebagai ancaman terhadap keselamatan dan telah mencipta suasana panik dalam kalangan penduduk pada tempoh tersebut. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh komunis di daerah Sik dan Baling, Kedah, dari tahun 1948 hingga 1989. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh komunis di daerah Sik dan Baling dalam tempoh tersebut. Skop kajian ini tertumpu sepenuhnya kepada aktiviti komunis di daerah Sik dan Baling tanpa merangkumi kawasan lain dalam negeri Kedah. Tempoh kajian ini meliputi tahun 1948 hingga 1989, dipilih kerana proklamasi darurat pada tahun 1948 dan penandatanganan Perjanjian Damai Hatyai pada tahun 1989. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi sejarah yang melibatkan pelbagai tindakan seperti heuristik, kritikan, analisis, dan histriografi. Sumber dan bahan kajian diperoleh daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia, Cawangan Kedah/Perlis Arkib Negara Malaysia, Perpustakaan Awam negeri Kedah, Perpustakaan Utama Universiti Malaya, Perpustakaan Tun Sri Lanang, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, dan banyak lagi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa Kerajaan Malaysia berjaya mengendalikan ancaman komunis di kedua-dua daerah tersebut. Kejayaan ini diperkuat oleh perjanjian damai pada 2 Disember 1989 antara Komunis, Kerajaan Malaysia, dan Thailand, yang menyaksikan komunis bersetuju untuk menghentikan perjuangan bersenjata yang berlangsung selama 41 tahun. Peristiwa bersejarah ini memberikan keyakinan kepada rakyat tentang kemampuan kerajaan untuk melindungi keselamatan mereka dan memperkuat kepercayaan serta kesetiaan mereka kepada kerajaan. ABSTRACT The Proclamation of Emergency in the Federation of Malaya in 1948 witnessed the Communist movement, led by the Malayan Communist Party (PKM), actively engaging in armed operations and subversive activities across the entire Malay Peninsula, including the state of Kedah. In Kedah, the districts of Sik and Baling faced the Communist threat, which was perceived as a significant threat to security, leading to a sense of panic among the local population during that period. Consequently, this study aims to examine the influence of Communism in the Sik and Baling districts of Kedah from 1948 to 1989. The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of Communism in the Sik and Baling districts during this period. The scope of this research exclusively focuses on Communist activities in these districts, excluding other areas within Kedah. The chosen time frame spans from 1948 to 1989, a selection driven by the proclamation of the emergency in 1948 and the signing of the Hatyai Peace Agreement in 1989. This study employs a historical methodology involving various actions such as heuristics, criticism, analysis, and historiography. Research materials and sources were obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia, the Kedah/Perlis branch of the National Archives of Malaysia, the State Public Library of Kedah, the Main Library of the University of Malaya, the Tun Sri LAnang Library, the National University of Malaysia, and others. The study's findings indicate that the Malaysian government successfully managed the Communist threat in both districts. This success was further reinforced by the historic peace agreement on December 2, 1989, between the Communists, the Malaysian government, and Thailand, which led to the Communists agreeing to cease their armed struggle that had lasted for 41 years. This historic event instilled confidence in the people regarding the government's ability to protect their safety and strengthened their trust and loyalty to the government.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohamad Hafez Mohamad Ripin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SEJARAH AWAM, PEMIKIRAN DAN AKTIVISME OMAR MOHD HASHIM (PUBLIC HISTORY, THOUGHT AND ACTIVISM OF OMAR MOHD HASHIM)
Sejarah Awam (Public History) sebuah konsep baharu di Malaysia. Namun secara praktisnya, fenomena yang dirujuk sebagai ‘Sejarah Awam’ bukan hal asing di negara ini. Ia telah lama berkembang semenjak era penulisan hikayat lagi. Dalam hal ini, fenomena tersebut boleh dikatakan sekadar ‘baharu’ menemukan landasan heuristik. Artikel ini cuba menghujah serta mempertahankan usulan di atas secara konseptual dan empirikal melalui gandingan konsep Sejarah Awam dengan keprihatinan Allahyarham Tan Sri (Dr.) Omar Mohd Hashim ke atas fenomenanya sebelum ia ditakrif sebagai ‘Sejarah Awam.’ Analisis memfokuskan dua perkara. Pertama, pemikiran sejarah Omar dan kedua, aktivisme beliau bersama organisasi pimpinannya, Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia. Fokus perbincangan ini bukan sahaja untuk memprofilkan pemikiran dan aktivisme Omar, tetapi juga memperlihatkan Sejarah Awam dalam bentuk fenomena telah muncul lebih awal sebelum ia dikonseptualisasikan. Hal ini penting bagi mengimbangi beberapa penulisan terdahulu, yang seolah-olah melihat fenomena ‘Sejarah Awam’ hanya muncul setelah konsepnya diartikulasikan secara formal. Artikel ini bersifat argumentatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan ke atas data primer, temubual dan juga bahan sekunder. Penemuan artikel ini adalah, dalam kes Malaysia, meskipun konsep ‘Sejarah Awam’ muncul lebih terkemudian, namun keprihatinan ke atas fenomenanya telah wujud semenjak sekian lama. ABSTRACT ‘Public History’ is a new concept in Malaysia. Practically, the phenomenon referred as 'Public History' is not novel in this country. It has been developing for a long time since the era of traditional historical writing. In this case, the phenomenon can be simply said as a 'new' finding on a heuristic basis. This article tries to argue and defend the above proposal, conceptually and empirically through the coupling of the concept of Public History and the concern of the late Tan Sri (Dr.) Omar Mohd Hashim on the phenomenon before it was defined as 'Public History.' The analysis focuses on two things. First, Omar’s historical thought and second, his activism with Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia (PSM). The focus of this discussion is not only to profile Omar's thoughts and activism, but also to show Public History in the form of a phenomenon that has appeared earlier before it was conceptualized. This is important to neutralize some previous writings, which seemed to see the phenomenon of 'Public History' only appearing after the concept has been formally articulated. This article is argumentative by using content analysis methods on primary data, interviews and also secondary materials. The finding of this article is that in the case of Malaysia, although the concept of 'Public History' appeared later, the concern over the phenomenon has existed for a long time.
Copyright (c) 2023 Applied History Journal of Merong Mahawangsa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGETAHUAN GENERASI MUDA TERHADAP GAGASAN RUKUN NEGARA (Young Generation Knowledge towards the Philosophy of Rukun Negara)
ABSTRAK Rukun Negara adalah deklarasi falsafah kebangsaan yang telah diwujudkan sejak berpuluh tahun yang lalu. Ia mempunyai matlamat untuk memastikan masyarakat berbilang kaum di negara ini dapat hidup harmoni dan bersatu padu. Kajian dan tulisan mengenai Rukun Negara agak terhad terutamanya berkaitan kesedaran dan penghayatan generasi muda. Walaupun terdapat usaha untuk mengukuhkan kesedaran masyarakat dari masa ke semasa, kita masih belum jelas dengan keberkesanannya. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menjawab persoalan mengenai tahap pengetahuan generasi muda terhadap gagasan ini. Kajian tinjauan telah dijalankan dalam kalangan mahasiswa yang berusia dalam lingkungan umur 20 hingga 25 tahun. Rasional pemilihan mereka adalah kerana merekalah yang akan mencorakkan dan seterusnya menerajui negara di masa depan. Jika sekiranya mereka mempunyai kesedaran yang tinggi, maka ia merupakan satu petanda yang sangat baik kepada negara. Ini akan menjadi asas dalam usaha untuk memantapkan penggunaan Rukun Negara sebagai wadah perpaduan dan kemajuan negara. Dapatan daripada tinjauan terhadap 240 responden menunjukkan generasi muda mempunyai pemahaman yang agak baik berkaitan Rukun Negara. Secara keseluruhannya, mereka mampu untuk menjawab persoalan asas berkaitan Rukun Negara dengan sebaiknya. Ini menunjukkan teras kepada pembentukan jiwa generasi muda untuk pengukuhan perpaduan sudah wujud, maka usaha seterusnya perlu dilaksanakan dengan baik. Kajian ini sangat signifikan dalam memberikan pemahaman mengenai status pengetahuan generasi yang bakal menjadi pemimpin negara pada masa depan terhadap falsafah kebangsaan. ABSTRACT Rukun Negara is a declaration of national philosophy that has been created for decades. It has the goal of ensuring that the multi-racial community in this country can live in harmony and unity. Studies and reviews on Rukun Negara are quite limited, especially in relation to the awareness and appreciation of the younger generation. Although there are efforts to strengthen community awareness from time to time, we are still not clear about the effectiveness of those efforts. The purpose of this study is to answer questions about the level of knowledge of the young generation about this idea. A survey was conducted among students aged between 20 and 25 years old. The rationale for their selection is that they are the ones who will shape and lead the country in the future. If they have high awareness, then it is a very good sign for the country. This will be the basis for efforts to strengthen the use of Rukun Negara as a vehicle for national unity and progress. Findings from a survey of 240 respondents show that the younger generation has a relatively good understanding of Rukun Negara. Overall, they are able to answer basic questions related to Rukun Negara well. This shows that the foundation for the formation of the soul of the young generation for the strengthening of unity already exists, so the next effort needs to be implemented well. This study is very significant in providing information on the level of knowledge of national philosophy among the young generation that will become future leaders.
PEMBENTUKAN PERPADUAN DI MALAYSIA MELALUI NILAI BUDAYA DALAM ANIMASI UPIN DAN IPIN (Unity Formation in Malaysia Through Cultural Values in Upin and Ipin Animation)
ABSTRAK Tidak dapat dinafikan lagi bahawa perpaduan kaum di Malaysia belum lagi utuh. Perasaan curiga antara kaum masih lagi wujud kerana sesetengah masyarakat yang terpengaruh dengan sentimen perkauman yang sering dihujahkan oleh pihak-pihak tertentu termasuklah ahli politik. Hal ini telah menyebabkan masyarakat di Malaysia kurang memahami budaya masyarakat lain malah takut untuk bergaul dengan kaum lain. Kepelbagaian budaya di Malaysia perlu diraikan oleh setiap masyarakat di Malaysia dengan berusaha untuk memahami budaya kaum lain. Animasi Upin dan Ipin memainkan peranan dalam mempromosikan budaya majmuk di Malaysia dengan memaparkan perasaan kasih sayang dan keharmonian rakyat Malaysia, malah telah diangkat sebagai duta mahabbah. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis nilai-nilai pendidikan budaya yang terdapat dalam animasi Upin dan Ipin yang dapat membantu dalam membentuk perpaduan di Malaysia terutamanya dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan sebagai reka bentuk kajian untuk menyerlahkan nilai pendidikan budaya dalam animasi Upin dan Ipin berdasarkan pandangan Teori Sosiolisasi. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa nilai budaya yang terdapat dalam animasi Upin dan Ipin memberikan pengetahuan yang baharu tentang kepelbagaian budaya di Malaysia, serta penting sebagai satu usaha memupuk perpaduan di Malaysia. ABSTRACT It can’t be denied that racial unity in Malaysia is not perfectly intact. Feelings of prejudices among races still exist due to the influences of racial sentiments that often argued by certain parties including politicians. This has created lack of understanding among Malaysian regarding other culture and even afraid to mingle with other races. Cultural diversity needs to be celebrated by every community in Malaysia through understanding of the culture of every Malaysian. Upin and Ipin animations play a role in promoting pluralistic culture in Malaysia by displaying the feelings of love and harmony as Malaysians, and have even been appointed as ambassadors of love. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the values of cultural values found in Upin and Ipin animation that can assist forming unity in Malaysia especially among children. This qualitative study uses the content analysis method as a research design to highlight the value of cultural values in Upin and Ipin animation based on the view of Socialization Theory. The results of the study found that the cultural values found in Upin and Ipin animation provide new knowledge about cultural diversity in Malaysia, as well as being important as an effort to gain unity in Malaysia.
UNSUR-UNSUR SEJARAH DALAM CERITA RAKYAT MELAYU DI MALAYSIA (Historical Elements in Malay Folklores in Malaysia)
ABSTRAK Cerita rakyat Melayu merupakan bukti keunggulan masyarakat Melayu dalam menghasilkan karya yang kreatif dan berguna. Namun begitu, masih terdapat segelintir masyarakat yang beranggapan cerita rakyat hanyalah dongeng semata-mata dan tidak memberi sebarang nilai positif. Walhal, sekiranya cerita rakyat dikaji secara mendalam sememangnya mengandungi nilai dan unsur sejarah yang boleh dijadikan teladan. Cerita rakyat Melayu diselitkan dengan unsur sejarah yang mengandungi mesej positif dan mampu mendorong pembentukan jati diri kanak-kanak. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis unsur sejarah yang terdapat dalam cerita rakyat Melayu dalam konteks pembentukan jati diri kanak-kanak. Rentetan itu, kajian ini melakukan penelitian terhadap aspek unsur sejarah dalam cerita rakyat Melayu di Bachok, Kelantan yang berpotensi untuk membentuk jati diri golongan kanak-kanak. Selanjutnya, deduktif kajian ini ialah salah satu prinsip Takmilah iaitu prinsip hubungan khalayak dengan karya untuk menghuraikan analisis dengan lebih jelas. Selain itu, metodologi kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melibatkan kaedah kepustakaan dan lapangan yang dilakukan di daerah Tumpat, Kelantan digunakan bagi mendapatkan maklumat dan data yang tepat. Akhir sekali, kajian ini mendapati unsur sejarah yang terkandung dalam cerita rakyat Melayu di Bachok terbukti dapat dijadikan sebagai medium untuk membentuk jati diri golongan kanak-kanak. ABSTRACT Malay folklore is a proof of the excellence of the Malay community in producing creative and useful works. However, there are still a few people who think that folklore is just a fairy tale and does not give any positive value. However, if folklore is studied in depth, it indeed contains historical values and elements that can be used as an example. Malay folklore is infused with historical elements that contain positive messages and are able to encourage the formation of children's identity. Malay folklore is interspersed with historical elements that contain a positive message and are able to encourage the formation of children's identity. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and analyze the historical elements found in Malay folklore in the context of the formation of children's identity. As a result, this study examines the aspects of historical elements in Malay folklore in Bachok, Kelantan that have the potential to shape the identity of children. Furthermore, the deductive of this study is one of the principles of Takmilah which is the principle of audience relationship with the work to describe the analysis more clearly. In addition, a qualitative approach involving library and field methods is used to obtain accurate information and data. In addition, the research methodology uses a qualitative approach involving library and field methods carried out in Tumpat district, Kelantan to obtain accurate information and data. Finally, this study found that the historical elements contained in the Malay folklore in Bachok proved to be used as a medium to form the identity of children.
PROPAGANDA SURAT KHABAR HARIAN RAKJAT SEMASA KONFRONTASI INDONESIA-MALAYSIA, 1963–1965 (Propaganda of Harian Rakjat Newspaper During the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation, 1963-1965)
ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau kegiatan propaganda surat khabar Harian Rakjat yang diterbitkan oleh Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) semasa Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia pada tahun 1963 sehingga 1965. Tujuan kajian ini adalah melihat sejauhmana PKI memanfaatkan surat khabar Harian Rakjat untuk menyebarkan propangada untuk meraih sokongan rakyat mengganyang Malaysia. Strategi PKI menggunakan propaganda melalui tulisan dan karikatur dilihat telah berjaya menyemai kebencinan rakyat terhadap pemimpin dan rakyat Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi pengumpulan data melalui kaedah kepustakaan. Kajian perpustakaan ditumpukan kepada penggunaan dokumen-dokumen surat khabar terbitan Parti Komunis Indonesia yang tersimpan di Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia dan kajian lapangan seperti temubual dan pemerhatian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa propaganda Parti Komunis Indonesia menggunakan surat khabar, baik melalui tulisan-tulisan mahupun penggunaan karikatur telah berjaya mempengaruhi rakyat Indonesia untuk menyokong dasar politik konfrontasi Presiden Sukarno terhadap Malaysia. Sokongan rakyat ini diterjemahkan melalui sambutan rakyat terhadap kempen Mengganyang Malaysia yang dilaungkan oleh Presiden Sukarno. ABSTRACT This research aimed to review the propaganda activities involved in the Harian Rakjat newspaper which was published by the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) during the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation between 1963-1965. The main objective of this research was to discover how far PKI utilise the Harian Rakjat newspaper to spread propaganda in order to gain the Indonesia citizen’ support to (go against, criticise, destroy) Malaysia. PKI’s strategies spreading propaganda through caricature and writing were deemed successful in sowing hatred among Indonesian citizens towards Malaysian leader and citizens. This research employed the library research method in collecting data. The library research was centralized on the use of newspapers published by the Indonesian Communist Party which was kept at the National Library of Indonesia as well as through field studies which encompassed interviews and observations. The findings of this research had shown that the Indonesian Communist Party’s propaganda in utilising the newspaper either through writings or caricatures had successfully influenced Indonesian citizens to support Sukarno’s political confrontation towards Malaysia. This support was portrayed through the great responses from the Indonesian citizen on the “Mengganyang Malaysia campaign” masterminded and chanted by Sukarno.