Does Social Networking among Blood Donors’ Matter? The Role of Social Capital on the Motivation to Donate Blood (Adakah Jaringan Sosial dalam Kalangan Penderma Darah? Peranan Modal Sosial dalam Motivasi Menderma Darah)

Abstract

Social networking among blood donors is important in sustaining the intention to consistently donate blood on a voluntary basis. The interaction between blood donors who share the same interest might indirectly increase the possibility of blood donation in the future. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of social capital among blood donors as a moderator to understand the blood donors’ motivation and intention to donate. This study hypothesizes that Social Capital among Blood Donors (SCBD) increases motivational aspects (attitude, self-efficacy, subjective norms, anticipated regret, self-identity as blood donor, social awareness, and humanitarian) in blood donation. A number of 431 respondents, registered as blood donors at the National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur were recruited via random sampling. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Results from correlation showed that all motivational aspects, except for subjective norm, were significantly correlated with the intention to donate blood. Meanwhile, results from the regression test reflected that forming social capital among blood donors could strengthen the blood donors’ attitude and the sense of social awareness, which in turn strengthen their intention to donate blood. This finding implies that blood donation campaigns need to highlight the aspect of social capital in the networking of blood donors, such as encouraging them to bring other people to donate blood. This could help to promote the significance of social capital among blood donors. Future researches need to pay attention to the role of social capital as a mechanism that influences the motivational aspects, which help to sustain the intention in volunteering activities.

Abstrak

Jaringan sosial penderma darah adalah penting bagi membantu mengekalkan konsistensi niat untuk menderma darah secara sukarela. Interaksi antara penderma darah yang berkongsi minat yang sama secara tidak langsung meningkatkan kemungkinan terhadap penglibatan menderma darah di masa depan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peranan modal sosial dalam kalangan penderma darah sebagai moderator bagi memahami motivasi dan niat menderma darah. Kajian ini menjangkakan bahawa Modal Sosial Penderma Darah (MSPD) berupaya meningkatkan motivasi (sikap, efikasi diri, norma subjektif, jangkaan penyesalan, identiti sebagai penderma darah, keprihatinan sosial dan ihsan) untuk menderma darah. Seramai 431 penderma darah yang berdaftar di Pusat Darah Negara, Kuala Lumpur telah dikenalpasti sebagai responden berdasarkan persampelan rawak. Data dikumpul menggunakan soal selidik. Hasil analisis korelasi mendapati bahawa semua aspek motivasi mempunyai hubungan signifikan terhadap niat menderma darah, kecuali norma subjektif. Hasil analisis regresi pula mendapati bahawa modal sosial mengukuhkan sikap penderma darah dan keprihatinan sosial terhadap niat menderma darah. Dapatan kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa kempen pendermaan darah perlu mengukuhkan aspek modal sosial penderma darah, misalnya melalui galakan menderma darah terhadap individu lain dalam jaringan sosial penderma darah. Melalui usaha ini, ia akan dapat membantu mempromosikan kepentingan modal sosial dalam kalangan penderma darah. Kajian akan datang perlu memberi perhatian terhadap peranan modal sosial sebagai mekanisme yang mempengaruhi aspek motivasi yang membantu mengekalkan niat penglibatan dalam aktiviti sukarela.

Kata kunci: Niat, menderma darah, modal sosial, sikap, jaringan sosial.